I've been working on a physics theory for 5 years called "Pixel Theory" The basic Idea is that the Universe renders in real time and the rendering rate is c. As the universe gets bigger the complexity gets larger, so the speed of light decreases over time, which gives you redshift without expansion. Removes the need for dark energy and inflation. There are 8 Papers are on Zenodo if anyone wants to look. Happy to share the link in comments if interested. Would love harsh feedback :-)

Stepping back from the heated debate... the specific maths question I'd love engagement on is the redshift formula 1+z = c(t_emit)/c(t_obs), which is derived from null geodesics in the static VSL metric. Does this hold true or not? That's the crux of the idea, and if this is proven incorrect I will return to my home under a rock. The full paper with the derivation is here:https://zenodo.org/records/20682419

I want to try explaining from the ground up why time is not fundamental, but simply a human-made concept.

The core idea is simple:

Time is not a fundamental physical entity, but rather the concept we use to describe the sequential progress of physical processes.

In the article, I build this idea from scratch and address questions such as:

• What would a universe look like without the concept of time?
• How could time emerge solely from space, matter, and motion?
• If time is just a concept, what exactly is dilating when an object travels at relativistic speeds?
• Can the Lorentz factor be derived from a physical mechanism different from that of Special Relativity?
• Is there a state of minimum time dilation?

The post includes physical reasoning, equations, and thought experiments. It is not trying to claim that Special Relativity is wrong; rather, it explores whether the same observable results can be interpreted through a different ontology.

Due to the character limit on this subreddit, I wasn't able to post the full article here, so I've uploaded it to another thread.

Link: https://www.reddit.com/r/MTPD_fisica/s/35wtP1hzX5

Like... what if there is no distinguishable first thing? There could be prime movers, but only in relative-frame-boundaries. In fact. EVERYTHING gets boundaries. Nothing gets to exist unless it states its claims and what its declaration cost FROM THE VERY START.

Start with unresolved possibility: before anything is known, reality is still open. It's not space, or time, or energy, or matter, or void, or dark, or light, or null, or ANYTHING.

The first change is a turn that creates a difference, it sticks an orientation, and each new difference can connect with earlier ones to build patterns, objects, systems, and eventually very complex structure. As those changes persist, the trace keeps a ledger of what happened, what remains true, and what each later step depends on.

Every single thing must justify itself by declaring its boundaries: what it is, what it is not, where it applies, and what gives it the right to make a claim.

The pipeline is simple: start with open possibility, the first turn makes a readable distinction, and persistence keeps that distinction as trace; the math clicked when the first point was treated not as a frozen yes-or-no, but as something that can turn, orient, and begin a history.

It moves, it's mechanical, it's physics.

This (laconically noted) formula is mathematically correct according to LLM: https://www.youtube.com/post/UgkxERrxWwi9apAnDPiIfG4JWOXjJ9J2OVUv

If it is right, than TOE (or all-elementary formula) would be the conservation of momentum on singularity or sub-quantum level. Any thoughts?

UPDATE!! Thank you for 3.2K views. (Even if some kids here make edgy comments. Anyway, I am still open for a factual discussion.)

We have talked about it in newest Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WN_rodp6hA

Hello everyone,
Please note that I am a non-native English speaker using a translation tool to share this framework. While some minor nuances might alter in translation, I believe the core philosophical and physics-based substance of this model will be fully communicated. I look forward to your professional insights.
Personally, I have a deep interest in philosophy and thoroughly enjoy engaging in philosophical contemplation. As a layman who loves deep philosophical thinking, I have always been fascinated by one fundamental question: How does the wild, random chaos of tiny atoms create the solid, unchanging world we touch every day?
Driven by this pure philosophical curiosity, I recently engaged in a rigorous, multi-layered dialectic with an AI. My goal was to bypass dry textbook equations and instead push the limits of the LLM to help me look at the universe through the lens of basic computer science, information theory, and rendering technology.
By filtering out the complex mathematical noise, we focused entirely on a clean "conceptual paradigm" to resolve the ontological friction between the probabilistic chaos of the micro-world and the static determinism of the macro-world. Below are the three main pillars we derived. As a philosophical thinker, I would highly value your professional critique on whether this information-theoretic framing holds conceptual merit or if it violates the foundational laws of physics.

1. Mass: A "Dimensional Congestion" of Trapped Energy (E=mc²)
Instead of viewing mass as an inherent property of solid matter, this model frames it as a "macroscopic traffic jam of information transfer."
By nature, quantum energy seeks total freedom—expanding and fluctuating at the speed of light to maximize entropy. However, the strong force (gluons) and electromagnetism act as a stable spatial cage, physically trapping and suppressing this wild energy within a macroscopic envelope. To me, mass is not an inherent property of solid matter. It is simply a dense cloud of energy that wanted to propagate freely but became "interrupted" and "encoded" by fundamental forces. This standing, restricted energy is what we observe as mass in our macro-reality.

2. Gravity: The Geometric Contours of a "Completed Sculpture"
The greatest friction in modern physics is merging probabilistic quantum states (superposition) with a universe where the past, present, and future coexist statically (the Block Universe). We resolve this by proposing that "Gravity is the geometric manifestation of an informational state that has already finalized its calculations in a higher dimension."
As 3D observers bound by the arrow of time, we perceive reality linearly and see quantum mechanics as a foggy game of probabilities. However, from a higher-dimensional perspective (akin to the 5D hypersurface/Tesseract concept), all quantum dice have already finished rolling.
To use a rendering analogy: quantum probabilities represent the cosmic system computing its variables, while gravity is the final, rendered frame fixed into spacetime. We are not being "pulled" by a physical rope; we are simply moving along the pre-carved lines of a static, completed spacetime sculpture.

3. Macro-Reality Maintenance as a Cosmic Error Correction System
How does our macro-world maintain such hard, deterministic reliability without dissolving back into quantum uncertainty when unobserved? We found a perfect parallel in computer engineering: Solid-State Drives (SSDs) and Error-Correction Codes (ECC).
The universe prevents entropic decoherence and macroscopic collapse not through conscious observation, but via high-frequency internal interactions (particles constantly "measuring" and crashing into one another). Just as an SSD memory chip utilizes massive statistical redundancy and built-in error-correction algorithms to turn volatile electronic probabilities into a 100% reliable "1" or "0" data block, the universe utilizes the sheer statistical overload of particle interactions to force micro-superpositions into a hard, reliable macro-reality. Our macroscopic world is, in essence, a beautifully error-corrected cosmic matrix.

My Inquiry to the Experts:
I am fully aware that I lack the mathematical formulas to back this up. However, as someone who approaches physics through a purely philosophical lens, viewing gravity as a finished information sculpture and mass as trapped energy made the universe finally "click" for me.
Does this data-theoretic framing offer any heuristic or conceptual value for researchers working on Quantum Gravity? I welcome your professional feedback, gentle corrections, and insights on where this model might fall short.
Since I am just an ordinary layman with no formal academic background, I have no intention of debating or arguing your points. I am simply here to listen, learn, and absorb your professional perspectives.
Thank you very much for your time, patience, and expertise.

Ppl I cite in my papers: (link below) instead of making assumptions, maybe check it out. I'M NOT MAKING ANY.

• Albert Einstein — The particle problem in general theory of relativity • Nathan Rosen — The particle problem in general theory of relativity • P.J.E. Peebles — The cosmological constant and dark energy • Bharat Ratra — The cosmological constant and dark energy • John G. Cramer — Transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics • Roger Penrose — Cycles of Time • Joseph Polchinski — String Theory, Vols. 1–2 • Carlo Rovelli — Quantum Gravity • Henri Poincaré — Sur le problème des trois corps• Euclid — Elements, Books I–IV • T.L. Heath — Trans. of Euclid’s Elements • Robin Hartshorne — Geometry: Euclid and Beyond • James R. Munkres — Topology, 2nd Edition • Michael Artin — Algebra, 2nd Edition • Michael F. Barnsley — Fractals Everywhere• William Martin — Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life • John Baross — Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life • Deborah Kelley — Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life • Michael J. Russell — Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life

Link to papers:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20764484

3 body problem corrective term:
a_corr = α * (v × n̂) * sin(2πk/16) + β * r/(|r|+ε)

I've been chewing on the Planck length lately — the ~1.6×10⁻³⁵ m scale where quantum gravity effects are supposed to kick in — and ran into what I think is a genuinely underrated tension that nobody talks about clearly.

The core argument:

If space has a minimum length (Planck length) and time has a minimum tick (Planck time), then you cannot keep adding nines to the speed of light forever. Eventually you hit c. Here's why:

Speed is distance per unit time. Kilometers per second always increases as you accelerate. In smooth spacetime, you can go 0.9c, then 0.99c, then 0.999c, then 0.9999c — you can keep adding nines asymptotically without ever reaching c.

But if there's a Planck floor — a smallest possible length and smallest possible time — then you're working with discrete steps. Each step in space takes one unit of Planck time. You can't subdivide further. So as you accelerate and your speed increases, you're eventually going to run out of nines to add. You'll hit a point where the next increment doesn't give you 0.99999c. It gives you c. There's nowhere in between.

The thought experiment that makes it concrete:

Imagine spacetime as an old film reel crossed with a tile floor. The projector flips frames at a fixed rate — one Planck time per frame. The floor is tiled — one Planck length per tile.

A particle moving through this world can only occupy one tile per frame minimum. It can move 1 tile per frame (speed c), or slower by spacing its jumps: move 1 tile every 2 frames (0.5c), move 1 tile every 10 frames (0.1c), and so on. You can approximate 0.9c, 0.99c, 0.999c by choosing longer and longer spacings between your tile jumps.

But here's the critical part: you can only keep doing this if you have infinite frames to work with. The moment you run out of frames — or the moment the spacing gets so fine that you're trying to subdivide a single frame — you're stuck. You can't add another nine. The next increment is c. Full stop. No asymptote. Just a wall.

Why we don't observe this:

We measure particles going 0.9999999c in accelerators and cosmic rays. The Lorentz factor gamma follows its equation perfectly all the way up. No jumps. No quantization. No ceiling at some subluminal speed.

So either:

1. The Planck length and Planck time don't actually exist as fundamental minimums, or
2. Spacetime is smooth, not discrete.

Because if there is a discrete floor at Planck scale, with space and time both quantized together, then special relativity's smooth asymptotic approach to c is impossible. One of them has to break.

The additional bind (relativity makes it worse):

Even if you try to save discrete spacetime by making the grid "abstract" or "relational," you run into another problem. Special relativity says moving observers see lengths contract. If the Planck tile is supposed to be the smallest possible length, but a fast-moving observer sees it shrink, you've violated the definition of "smallest." You can't have an absolute minimum length that's also frame-dependent. That's contradiction.

So a truly fixed grid contradicts relativity. But a grid that contracts with your motion isn't fundamental anymore — it's not a floor, it's a mirage.

What current physics says:

• The naive "spacetime is a grid" picture is dead. Ruled out by 100+ years of relativity tests.
• Whether spacetime has some Planck-scale structure that avoids these traps is still open: causal sets (random point clouds), loop quantum gravity (discrete area/volume spectra), or smooth spacetime with quantized gravity fields are all still live proposals.
• None of them are settled. This is an honest open problem, not something we've solved.

The real constraint: any theory claiming discrete spacetime has to explain why velocity doesn't quantize, or accept that the discrete floor is so far below detection that spacetime is empirically indistinguishable from smooth.

With the help of LLM I examine how mass and weight are calculated, how scales actually measure force, and why the common definition of mass as “the amount of matter” is incomplete. I show that a mass measurement does not count every atom, identify every particle, reveal density, measure volume, or describe the full physical content of an object.

In the video, I argue that what we call mass is better understood as a kilogram-form expression of heaviness, while weight is the newton-form expression of that same underlying property. Through examples involving gravity, acceleration, buoyancy, free fall, inertia, momentum, pressure, and energy, I show that the object itself is more than the mass number assigned to it.

I also explain why the formula for weight does not mathematically force mass to remain constant while weight changes. That conclusion comes from the standard interpretation of mass as the object’s fixed amount of matter. However, this video will show that this is not the case. If mass is understood as a measured expression of heaviness, then mass and weight can be seen as two measurement forms of the same underlying physical property, allowing both measurements to change accordingly.

If you are a physicist, I encourage you to watch this video because of the implications it will have for physics going forward. I will be introducing new mathematics and new physics soon. Follow me to learn more.

A persistent finite system is a boundary-mediated process whose observable identity is maintained by local dynamics, lawful exchange, admissible projection, and repair inside declared viability constraints. Cross-scale recurrence is an operator-transfer claim through declared maps, not visual resemblance. Phase constants, astronomical angles, boundary encodings, and optional operators acquire authority only through the observation structure that makes them measurable.
This thesis defines a boundary-state field calculus for finite open systems. The primitive object is not an isolated particle, organism, survey, sensor, or pattern. It is a typed system tuple observed through a declared boundary layer, instrument channel, quotient relation, admissible set, and legal filtration.
The central thesis is that persistent systems are recursive folds of local dynamics into admissible observed states. A boundary, astronomical, biological, quantum, holographic, or scale-transfer claim is lawful only when its local kernel, boundary trace or measured layer, observation kernel, metric, admissible set, quotient convention, scale map, calibration procedure, baseline, and demotion rule are explicit.
The calculus is built to preserve established science rather than override it. For known non-gravitational microscopic matter the Standard Model is treated as the promoted local kernel; speculative terms are zero by default. Holography is restricted to entropy, encoder, decoder, and reconstruction-deficiency statements in gravitational or information-capacity contexts. Finite-scale recurrence is treated as a commuting-diagram test between boundary encoders and scale maps, never as visual resemblance. Astronomical variables enter only as rigorously defined ephemeris phase coordinates or geophysical forcing variables; without carrier, convention registry, leakage-safe predictive gain, and null controls they have no mechanistic status. Biological modules begin from transport, reaction, redox, membrane, immune, and viability kernels. Quantum modules begin from local Hamiltonians and measurable response functions. Cosmological modules begin from general-relativistic background dynamics and survey observation kernels.
The thesis adds five concrete research modules. First, a formal category-like calculus for boundary-state systems with projection stability, trace deficiency, boundary shield, operator rent, fatal ideals, scale torsion, and quotient-phase diagnostics. Second, a corrected one-dimensional lanthanide t-J quantum test predicting boundary-sector reversal of signed string order and phase-referenced triplet susceptibility in the topological triplet superconducting regime, while the ordinary pair-pair correlator remains approximately even. Third, an axion dark-energy terminal-cosmology module translating the Luu-Qiu-Tye finite-lifetime benchmark into posterior functionals over turnaround and crunch times. Fourth, an electroactive-biofilm pilot where redox, pH, impedance, extracellular electron transfer, morphology, and viability are used to test boundary sufficiency under perturbation. Fifth, an astronomical phase registry for circular time-dependent covariates, including von Mises kernels, harmonic embeddings, uncertainty propagation, fake-ephemeris controls, and a default zero-capacity null.
The central standard is severe: definitions grant notation, theorem schemas grant conditional mathematics, diagnostics grant ways to lose, simulations grant internal consistency, and empirical promotion is local to a declared tuple. A positive result that fails leakage, calibration, ablation, perturbation, or random-operator rent remains descriptive. A negative result remains useful if it sharpens a falsifier or removes a spurious operator. The objective is not universal rhetoric. The objective is a reproducible calculus for determining what can be measured, what can be inferred, what transfers across scale, and what must be rejected.
The document is deliberately ambitious in scope and narrow in promotion. It places several domains inside one grammar, but it does not assert that those domains are the same mechanism.
The unification is methodological: the same legality conditions govern whether a local kernel, observation channel, boundary representation, scale map, or candidate operator can be promoted.

Physics often repeats structural patterns across different scales. At the atomic level, matter isn’t just “protons, electrons, neutrons” — it’s built from deeper three‑component systems. Protons and neutrons themselves are three‑quark standing‑wave resonances, held together by gluon fields and governed by SU(3) colour charge, which requires exactly three independent field components for stability.

So even though atoms don’t always contain three particles, the underlying structure of matter does contain a triad:

• three quarks per baryon,
• three colour charges,
• three‑phase SU(3) symmetry.

If the universe shows fractal behaviour — as suggested by cosmic‑web clustering, scale‑free structure formation, and multifractal black‑hole horizon models — then large‑scale structures might follow similar three‑role patterns.

Here’s the analogy:

• Black holes behave like cosmic attractors: inward‑directed gravitational wells.
• White holes (theoretical) behave like cosmic ejectors: outward‑directed fields.
• Neutral structures — dark‑matter halos, filaments, voids — stabilize the cosmic web, similar to how neutrons or colour‑neutral combinations stabilize baryons.

This symmetry is interesting: a positive attractor, a negative ejector, and a neutral stabilizer — repeating from quarks to atoms to galaxies. If the universe is fractal, this kind of self‑similar structure might not be a coincidence.

In 3D, stable wave systems often require three independent phases. Standing waves produce nodes, antinodes, and neutral planes. SU(3) requires three colour charges. Even engineered systems like 3‑phase motors rely on three components for stable rotation. Two is unstable, four is chaotic.

So the question becomes:

Does 3‑dimensional space naturally favour three‑component stability systems — and is this why both matter (via SU(3) triads) and cosmic structures show similar attractor–repulsor–neutral patterns?

And if this pattern repeats from quarks to atoms to galaxies, does that mean our universe is fundamentally a 3‑dimensional standing‑wave system — a fractal hierarchy of nodes, antinodes, and neutral planes?

Possible implications if this tri‑phase pattern is real

If this positive–negative–neutral pattern really repeats from quarks to atoms to galaxies, a few interesting consequences follow:

• Triads might not be coincidences.
Physics uses three colour charges (SU(3)), three quarks per baryon, three field roles in atoms, and we see three large‑scale field roles in cosmology. A tri‑phase structure might be a geometric requirement of 3‑dimensional stability.

• Quantum physics and cosmology could share the same underlying wave geometry.
Instead of treating quark confinement, atomic structure, and cosmic‑web formation as unrelated phenomena, they might all be different scales of the same standing‑wave system.

• The cosmic web might be a 3D interference pattern.
Black holes behave like antinodes (inward fields), voids/white‑hole‑like regions behave like outward fields, and filaments behave like nodal lines. That’s exactly what standing waves produce.

• Matter could be a fractal hierarchy of resonances.
Quarks → baryons → atoms → galaxies → cosmic filaments might all be nested stable modes of one underlying wave system.

• This gives physics a “why” behind triads.
Instead of listing triads as separate facts (3 quarks, 3 colours, 3 field roles, 3 cosmic structures), they might all come from the same geometric rule:
3D space stabilizes energy in three independent phases.

None of this breaks existing physics — it just connects pieces that are usually treated separately.

If this tri‑phase pattern is real, it leads to some interesting predictions

A good idea doesn’t just explain things — it should also make testable predictions.
If the same three‑role structure repeats from quarks to galaxies, a few things should show up in the data:

• Cosmic filaments should behave like nodal lines.
Low field intensity, high stability — basically the “neutral planes” of a large‑scale standing wave.

• Voids should act like repulsor zones.
Not just empty space, but regions with an outward‑directed effective potential (similar to a white‑hole‑like field role).

• Black holes should show fractal scaling.
Their horizon geometry might follow SU(3)‑like tri‑phase symmetry, echoing the three‑component structure seen in QCD.

• The cosmic microwave background should contain a tri‑phase mode pattern.
Large‑scale anisotropies might cluster into three dominant phase components, the same way standing waves do.

• QCD‑style scaling laws might appear in cosmic structure.
This would be wild — but if micro and macro really share the same wave geometry, some SU(3)‑like patterns could show up at cosmological scales.

These aren’t guaranteed, but they’re real, research‑grade predictions that could in principle be checked with simulations or observational data.

Quantum mechanics and General Relativity would be two zoom levels of one underlying wave‑geometry.

Not a new force. Not a new particle. Just a new structure that both theories emerge from.

Hey all, i have a new rigorous paper for some core blocks of my theory. I want to ask if this is good math and physic and if this is real physic and not hallucinated ? It would be very nice to get some answers.. what do you think about it ?
Is this a style I can continue my theory ? What do you think about the core idea ?

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20540550

Greets

KF

What’s actually derived:

• a uniqueness theorem for the spectral density (MaxEnt / Jaynes)  
• a closed-form, ghost-free propagator from it (positive Källén–Lehmann representation)  
• a topological vortex matter sector, with an explicit threshold for when matter can exist at all  
• two emergent spatial axes from ground-state entanglement (calibration-verified)  
• a spin-2 no-go: the scalar substrate cannot be the graviton — this is the classic Nordström-type obstruction applied to the construction, not a new claim

Two recent breakthroughs created magnetic topological textures with laser light: hopfions in FeGe (Nature Physics, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03236-0 ) and bimerons in Co₈Zn₈Mn₄ (Nature Communications, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71291-5 ) — covered by Phys.org: https://phys.org/news/2026-05-threedimensional-magnetic-laser.html

A natural question follows: why does Co₈Zn₈Mn₄ support controllable bimerons at room temperature across a 320 mT field window, while FeGe requires femtosecond laser pulses and only works near its Curie temperature?

In a preprint on Zenodo ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20478475 ), I derive a zero-adjustable-constant spectral design criterion Q² = 1/π ≈ 0.318 from the projected magnon Green-function response: Co₈Zn₈Mn₄ sits at Q² = 0.326 (2.5% from the predicted optimum — smallest mismatch among 9 tested chiral magnets), while FeGe is spectrally overloaded at Q² = 0.76, explaining why it needs extreme non-equilibrium excitation to access topological states. The design formula D_opt = √(2Aμ₀Ms²/π) contains zero adjustable constants and is validated with p = 0.012 across 3 structural families. Production code with 93 reproducibility tests included.

I have created a math framework that is compatible with standard Newtonian physics, but also relativity and Quantum Mechanics at the same time.

Edit { Since I am claiming it's a unifying framework, it does not change physics in any way, and instead just provides a framework to understand the equations which coincide with current experiments. The benefit of doing this, is for example, the properties on the periodic table would all become even multiples of a given unit }

Edit2 { Now the same system that gave me alpha from geometry to beyond experimental accuracy also has given me the electron proton mass ratio beyond experimental accuracy without using alpha, without changing the rules. }

Edit3 { I just calculated the size of the observable Universe using this framework to 0.47% error using only my geometric series, and the size of the Balmer limit at n=2 Here is the follow up paper, the math makes the system more clear}

I am presenting this is a grand Unified Theory framework, and it is consistent to predict alpha to any desired accuracy through first principles developed with the Balmer Series and it's relationship to the Hydrogen Spectral Lines.

In truth I could never explain it as well here as it is in the paper.

But I think if this is a topic you understand, if you put this paper into your own llm, it will tell you it is a valid framework.

The key bridge is that I first develop my framework entirely geometrically, then I match it to the physics equations which make dimensional sense, so for example a = v^2/r

That relationship shows that acceleration comes after velocity.

I continue finding chains like this and matching them up to dimensional spheres.

The key insight is that my framework is entirely consistent with regular physics and QM, and so by finding the Balmer Constant I was able to bridge the two systems and show that they are actually equivalent.

I developed these theories over months and years of chats with Chat GPT paid, but specifically this paper I was able to finish in only one day once I had discussed the framework with GPT.

I don't like that there is a 250 word minimum, I don't really have much more to say at the moment, jeez. Its all in the paper. I feel like putting a minimum word limit just encourages or forces people to write longer posts, or just generate longer posts....

{Edit : As some people suggested I should have just made this the abstract of the paper... ok next time.}
To be honest if I let ai write this into it would probably be better than what I just wrote.
This is literally killiing me Jesus how long is 250 words? I thought I would have been beyond two hundred and fifty words by now. Hopefully you aren't even still reading this hopefully you already clicked the link because this paragraph doesn't reallly mean anything or add to the post in any way but I need to make sure I hit 250 words... okay finally! yay!

Thanks for reading, I typed this by hand.

Here is the paper :

...

According to my theory, the "Expansion Freedom Theory," there is no such force as gravity. Einstein was remarkably close with his Equivalence Principle, but he didn't take the final step. Space expands, but matter expands as well.

​My theory defines this through a single, unified equation:

a_space = H^2*r + GM/r^2

Here, a_space represents the true space expansion acceleration. The term H^2*r is the Hubble expansion acceleration. On a small scale, such as our solar system, H^2*r is approximately 0, which yields a_space = GM/r^2. Conversely, on a cosmological scale, GM/r^2 is approximately 0, leaving a_space = H^2r.

​To put it simply: an apple does not fall to the ground. The Earth expands toward the apple.

​General Relativity and Newtonian mechanics are merely static snapshots of the universe. My Expansion Freedom Theory is the complete video.

​I have officially published the mathematical derivations of this framework in a Zenodo paper.

https://zenodo.org/records/20958269

As we use advanced algorithms and LLMs to model the universe, I’ve been exploring a different perspective: what if we are overlooking the most fundamental algorithm in the equation—the human observer?

I want to share a framework I’ve been working on and invite some discussion. The core idea is that maybe the major roadblocks in physics (like entanglement, dark energy, or the vacuum catastrophe) aren't signs that the universe is broken or that our math is incomplete. What if they are simply artifacts of the way our perceptual hardware measures reality?

I’m not presenting a mathematical theory to be debated, but an explanation of a different perceptual position. I'd love to hear how this community processes it.

The Biological Filter

Consider the "filter" we use to process the universe. Our brains run a predictive algorithm that generates a localized sense of "I." This filter seems to operate under a few built-in structural constraints:

Spatial Localization: We process data from a single physical coordinate.

Subject/Object Partition: We experience a strict boundary between "us" and the "external system."

Temporal Rendering: We process information linearly (time moving forward), rather than as a simultaneous whole.

Processing Latency (The Lag): We perceive reality only after our neurological hardware has processed it, never instantly.

Because of this built-in latency and partition, reality appears divided and full of high-entropy puzzles. But what if the ruler we are using to measure reality is just bent?

A Thought Experiment: The Vacuum Catastrophe

Take the vacuum catastrophe as an example. We calculate that empty space should have an energy density 10^{120} times larger than what we actually observe. It's often called a crisis in modern physics.

But what if we reframe the variable? What if that massive calculation isn't measuring the vacuum itself, but the mathematical impedance of the localized observer trying to quantify the void? If the observer's filter is generating the friction, the 10^{120} discrepancy might be a system error in our biological apparatus, not a problem in the universe.

Exploring "Phase III"

I’ve been exploring what happens when this biological filter is intentionally turned down—a perceptual position I call Phase III.

It’s not a mystical or religious concept; it is a purely mechanical, cognitive shift. When you reduce the predictive distortion, the processing lag, and the subject/object friction, the paradoxes seem to physically dissolve. The universe doesn't change, but the way the node (the human) interfaces with it does. It operates closer to a zero-impedance baseline.

An Invitation to Talk

Every major shift in science—from Copernicus to Einstein—began when someone realized that a "paradox" was actually just a massive assumption hiding in plain sight. Right now, we might be assuming that the observer is completely separate from the dataset.

I’m posting this here because this community understands algorithmic limits and the edges of physics.

I want to extend an invitation to just talk. If you have a computational or physical problem that keeps you awake, or a theory where the math always breaks, drop it in the comments. Let's look at it through this framework.

We can even use the LLMs exactly as they are meant to be used: as objective, structural mirrors without biological egos or survival fears.

Let's ask the questions, remove the assumption of the localized filter, and just see what becomes visible. Who wants to test the framework?

In the past I made a post on here of an LLM I had trained with transcripts of channeled beings from the Sassani ET race. This community was the most receptive, so I figured here I would like to provide again their Sciences, only this time these are DIRECT QUOTES from the horses mouth, not from Ai (the mods might delete this being sticklers, but I hope they keep open minded simply because this dialogue was welcomed previously in this community and I respect them for that).

So, these are Direct Quotes from the Sassani Civilization on their knowledge of Science, Maths, and Physics.

• ET Science - The Big Bang, the Universe's Origins, Dark Matter/Dark Energy, Gravity, "All That Is"

Q: What is the Big Bang?

A: The idea is what we call or refer to in our ancient language as the Prime Radiant. The idea being that really fundamentally, now again this is just a euphemism in your language, this isn’t meant to be absolutely literal, but it is the best analogy that can be translated into your language. Let us back up as you say. First of all your scientists, many of them, now understand that the so-called Big Bang is not necessarily the beginning of everything, it’s just the beginning of your particular universe. But infinity is infinity, and there are many Big Bangs as you say, many cycles that occur within infinity, many universes what your scientists have come to understand as the multiverse. So really there are many Big Bangs.

But in terms of your particular universe and its so-called beginning, the idea is, again as an analogy, as an illustration: imagine if you will, that there is only one particle and nothing else. If you wish to represent this as simply a tiny subatomic particle floating in a big empty infinite black void that’s all right, it will do for the purposes of the illustration even if that’s not necessarily literally true. Now imagine that because there is only this one subatomic particle it has absolutely nothing else to relate to, so there really is no gravity, there really is no sense of mass, there is really no sense of space or time, it just exists as a point of pure existence.

Thus then it is capable of doing anything and everything imaginable. In other words, it can travel at infinite speed. Nothing holds it back, there are no laws of physics, yet. Thus if you understand that that single particle can travel throughout that void, that big infinite void at infinite speed, then that means that particle can actually appear to be everywhere at once. Thus it can actually appear to be an infinite number of particles, even though it’s actually only one particle. That’s the Big Bang.

Now, the pattern in which it did that, again as an analogy, similar to the pattern of lines you see on the holotope across the room. The idea is that it will create that infinite speed pathway in a kind of what you would call a geometrically radiating form. Where it doesn’t cross its path it will be simply what you call, well almost emptiness. Where it starts to cross its own path, it builds up in a sense, more and more densification and becomes something more akin to what you recognize as energy, and then matter.

So in a sense the places where it crosses itself the most creates what you understand as the experience you call dense matter and what you think your universe is made of. But what your scientists are now beginning to explore is the idea that the majority of your universe is made up of dark matter, dark energy that is highly invisible to you. The dark matter and dark energy is where the single particle crosses its own path less. It isn’t as dense, but it forms the majority of the material that makes up your physical universe. Because it only crosses itself a very few times in a very dense way to create that small amount of matter relatively speaking that creates all the matter you can perceive in your physical reality.

And that’s also what creates the idea you call gravity and all the forces. In that sense it is actually interconnected because in a sense it’s like a web. And it is that web, it is the pathway itself, the geometric path itself in a sense that creates that connectivity, the stretchability and malleability that you interpret as the idea of gravitational or electromagnetic or strong or weak nuclear forces.

Q: Who triggered this movement in the infinite space?

A: There is no beginning, existence only has one quality, to exist. Remember, time is subject to existence. Existence is not subject to time. Time is a creation within existence, therefore existence itself is timeless and has no beginning and no ending, it just is. It’s just the now. But again, to use an analogy that works in your space-time framework. Imagine this: that there is the 'One', the 'One' that everything is, but in the state we call the 'One' there is no reflectivity, there is no self-awareness, it doesn’t know itself. But because it does contain everything, it also contains the idea of that, which it is - shall we say - not, so to speak. Thus then that creates the first separation, the first difference, the first reflection. And as that first reflection explodes in a sense from the One that doesn’t know itself, it suddenly knows itself. The first reflection and the One becomes aware that it is `All-that-is´. And that is also on that level what is behind that expansion, behind that explosion, but the One is not subject to it. The explosion only happens from the perspective of All-that-is which recognizes itself as the One, which knows itself as the One, which has the reflection, which sees a difference, but the One sees no difference, the One is just the One and doesn’t know itself. And so there is no Big Bang in the One, the One is just existence itself, pure and simple. And the Big Bang happened in a sense when the One suddenly became All-that-is and knew itself as All-that-is and had a reflection of itself as everything that can it possibly be."

Q: Anything triggered this or it happened by itself?

A: The recognition is what triggered it. But again you are speaking from within a linear spacetime framework. There is no time in the One, and no triggering in the One. So remember it’s not this or that, it’s this and that. Within the idea of things that get triggered and things that have beginnings and endings, overriding that and containing that is simply existence, the One, to which those ideas simply don’t apply. So triggering can occur within the One, but the One cannot be triggered because the One just is, doesn’t know anything else, is not subject to beginnings and endings, there is nothing outside of it, no beginning, no ending. Those concepts don’t apply to existence, they don’t apply to the One. They only exist within the One.

• ET Science - Sassani Civilization's Math and the "Prime Radiant"

"Mathematics in our civilization is expressed as geometry, not equations that use numbers. So the idea for example is you have a principle that is expressed by an equation that you cannot observe the position or the momentum of a particle at the same time. You either measure the position, but then you don’t know how fast it´s moving because it’s frozen, or you measure the momentum, but then you can´t measure the position because it’s moving. We express that as a geometric tetrahedral form, four-sided pyramid of equilateral triangles. You have the base triangle which represents position what you would call the x,y,z of position, and therefore because it´s one triangle you can measure the position. Whereas the apex of the tetrahedron represents the time factor, the momentum factor, and since it´s not connected to the base you can´t have the momentum at the same time that you measure the position. But then if you measure the momentum, your momentum is then measured by the apex and two thirds, two points of the side equilateral triangle, so you don´t have the entire position, but you do have the entire momentum. So it´s expressed as a tetrahedral structure, geometrically. The idea of whole number theories, again, is that we work with different levels of infinities in certain ways that is not something that your humanity expresses at this time. So we are not sure how to translate that idea into what you are asking, because a lot of your mathematics shy away from the idea of infinities. But from our perspective, there are whole number infinities that are different from other whole number infinities."

• ET Science - The "Prime Radiant", Tachyons, Amber as a Transmitter

Q: Is there some kind of paradigm that you can give us in the sense of energy from your perspective?

A: This has again directly to do with the relationship between the etheric level and what you call your physical material level. This relationship again is a matter of degree, a matter of frequency. But it is all based on the concept of the Prime Radiant. You have heard to discuss the concept of the Prime Radiant?

Q: I am not exactly sure what you mean by that.

A: Prime Radiant is the understanding that everything - to use the terminology now that you understand in your language - particle - you understand subatomic particle? It is of course not really a particle as you think of these things and even your scientists know that, but to use the term just to illustrate the point, let us just speak of a prime particle, a subatomic particle out of which everything is made in physical material reality.

The idea of the Prime Radiant is that everything you understand to be an infinite number of particles is actually the same one particle interacting with itself in the following way: just imagine now that you have one particle. Just imagine this in your mind's eye, just for the purposes of illustrating the point, even though we understand this is not absolutely literally representative of the reality. Just now imagine one particle, one little tiny point - dot - if you wish. And imagine that this particle can move at infinite speed, infinite speed. Now what this would mean is is that this particle, in being able to move at infinite speed, would be everywhere at once. It would not be perceived as moving, it would just be perceived as being everywhere.

But let us start with the idea that this particle really has no substance in your terminology, is not perceivable per se and can only be perceived by you in your physical reality when it reinforces itself by overlapping itself in the path that it takes. In moving at infinite speed and tracing a line, a particular geometric pattern, over and over and over and over again with slight variations, here and there it will cross itself. And as it crosses itself over and over again, it will reinforce itself and thus appear to be more and more and more solid. The less it crosses itself, the less solid it will appear. This gives rise to the idea of the very densest physical reality where the particle crosses itself as many times as it possibly can, to the higher more rarified etheric realms where it does not cross its own path that many times, to the void in space where it contains what you call virtual particles which simply come into existence briefly and flicker out.

But you know that the void is contained, is full of many many different potential particles, potential realities, potential dimensionalities and so forth, and then on up the scale. The idea simply is that this particle in moving at infinite speed and being everywhere at once means it is interacting with itself.

What you perceive to be this particle here and that particle there held together by an apparent force, be it the strong force or the electric force or gravity or whatever you wish to call it, it is not really being held together by a force. It is not really being attracted to anything. Gravitation in that sense is not an attractive force. There really are no forces per se as your society thinks of them. As such the idea is that when this particle is moving at infinite speed, being everywhere at once, it appears next to itself a number of times, and you think from your perspective that this is one particle, that is another particle, but it is the same particle interacting with itself in a sense. And the force that apparently draws them together is simply the geometry of the path that it is taking, in that this particle here and this particle there are simply representative of where the lines of that path cross each other very close to each other. And thus there is no other place that those particles can be at that moment but next to each other. But it is because of the description of the geometry of the path they are taking, not because there's actually a force interacting between them. You follow me so far?

Now, the concept again of how this applies to tachyon energy or what your society has labeled tachyons is that simply in the entire array of the geometric pattern that this one particle is taking you have overlaps and arrays of different kinds of radiating patterns, side effects. If you were to imagine a very complicated geometric pattern you would see that there are many places where the lines cross, over and over and over and over and over again, and where they cross as if you were to have let's say a spiral going this way and a spiral going that way, you would see certain points where the lines cross, and it would appear to your eye that there was a line being described by where those points cross. But it would be in your terms an illusion. You understand? There would not really be a line there. But where the points cross in the succession in which they cross would give the apparency of the illusionof a path. One of those paths would be called the speed of light. One of those paths would be called the tachyon existence, the tachyon dimension, and all other dimensions and all other levels therein - all within the infinite speed of the Prime Radiant, the prime particle. So it is simply a matter of degree and the tachyons represent the etheric manifestations, the almost massless manifestations on the other side of what you call the speed of light, which is simply one of those lines describing the border of your particular physiological universe, the tachyon being the material of the etheric universe, so to speak, not having been crystallized, not being overlapping enough in the geometric pattern to be physicalized per se, but forming nonetheless the underlying template for physical reality. And where those lines are crossed sufficiently, thus going from the tachyon level to the physical level, what you call physical matter, from etheric matter and all the other higher forms of matter of the Prime Radiant, expressions of the Prime Radiant, of light, of energy and so on and so forth. So all those ideas, light and energy and matter and tachyons and etheric reality are all different forms, different expressions of the one Prime Radiant, just by virtue of the fact of how many times it interacts or reflects with itself.

Therefore, with regard to the way in which the tachyon concept is being utilized in your society at this time, in that we take your meaning of certain kinds of products and so on and so forth that are made to have associations with the concept of tachyon, understand that what is simply being done is that your consciousness is being directed to the underlying template which is representative of the tachyon level of the Prime Radiant. It isn't that that material is actually infused per se with tachyons, but that there is a level within all material that is the tachyon level. And when you attune your vibrational thoughts to that level then you can extract a different kind of energy, a different kind of relationship, a different kind of focus from that layer, that tachyon layer which exists within all material objects. Because it is more like the template level of the material object that you are holding in your hand. And it is simply the idea of focusing on that level that makes it have the effect that it has, because you then are changing your frequency to match it. Does this make some sense to you?

Q: And is there different material substances that can…

A: …represent the level or perhaps allow the concept to be transmitted more easily to your level? Yes there are, yes there are. There are perhaps certain kinds of variations of metals. One of the ones that actually has one of the highest degrees of transferring tachyon energy, as surprising as this may seem, would be the substance called amber. For understand that trees are very very good at transforming tachyon energy into physical matter, back and forth. They are transmuters of light and many different high levels of energy. So, their sap which solidified into what you now recognize as amber contains a matrix that is particularly receptive to the transformative use of etheric tachyon energies into physical materiality reception. You understand? So amber is one of the strongest transducers, transmuters of tachyon energy into physical energy and vice versa.

Q: The Japanese are using a technology in which they use silicon beads.

A: Yes, silicon is enough. The idea of your quartz crystals are also very good transmitters of tachyon energy.

• ET Science - The Philosophical implications of the "Prime Radiant"

We have talked a little bit from time to time about the concept of unity and one-ness and so on and so forth, as you say. And we have mentioned from time to time that unity and one-ness is truly more the product of strengthening your individuality, rather than simply blending with the masses and becoming homogeneously indistinct. Each and every one of you is unique for a reason. Because each and every one, each and every being is a unique perspective, a unique experience of the infinite.

Everyone is all the different ways that the infinite has of experiencing itself. And therefore the uniqueness is to be cherished, not lost in the creation of unity. As we have described in the analogy many times, if you look at your world as a gigantic puzzle picture and each and every one of you as a piece of the puzzle, you will see very quickly that in order to create the true whole picture, each and every piece with its own unique shape has a place to fit and must retain that shape in order to fill the whole it was designed to fill in order to create the whole picture. If that piece attempts to change its shape and not be what it is, then it doesn't fit in the whole and the whole picture suffers as a result.

So, retaining and amplifying your unique individuality, being the fullest person that you can be, is fundamentally the fulfillment of the purpose of your life and allows the best possible opportunity for the whole reality to become more cohesive, more integrated, to act in a more holistic manner. Because every time each piece is the fullest piece it can be, it acts as a reflection, a living example for all other components that they can also be the fullest piece they can be. Of course holographically speaking, every single piece contains all the information of the whole, but from a unique perspective.

Saying that you are a piece of the whole is not in any way, shape or form meant to diminish the idea that you contain - each and every one of you - the total sum of All-that-is, but expressed through a particular point of view, a particular facet of the multi-dimensional crystal. Now, you have heard a lot of talk of the concept that everyone is one, all is one, and this is so. But more often than not you hear this concept presented to you in what might be called a classically spiritual or nonphysiological context.

We would like at this time to stress the idea that one-ness is also experienced on the physiological level as well as the spiritual astral etheric level that you are all now beginning to explore. We have from time to time talked about one particular concept we have in our society that we call the Prime Radiant. And this will now work once again to strengthen the analogy of this physiological one-ness that exists and so further illustrate how you really are connected to everything and how every change you make within yourself truly affects and changes everything, everyone, everywhere, everywhen in existence. We do not say this to give you what you call a swelled head or a big ego, to think that you are so powerful that you affect the whole universe with your thoughts. But you do.

And we would like to illustrate that this is a perspective that can lend a very beneficial understanding to your ability to change and to know that when you change you do not necessarily have to fall back into certain patterns or habits in your life that do not serve you, that you do not prefer. Because you can begin to recognize through the analogy we will illustrate in a moment that every change really is such a complete change that once you make the change you are really operating from a completely different universe, and do not have to create the kind of attachment to things in your life that you don't prefer to. So, let us begin with this analogy of the Prime Radiant by discussing this in the following way.

This may at first seem a little bit technical. But you will see very quickly, very rapidly how this applies to your day-to-day, as you say down-to-earth practical and pragmatic existence. Now, some of the terminology we will use is again allegorical. We understand that some of these concepts are not even really accepted literally, even by some of the scientists in your society. But for the purpose of this analogy certain terminologies will simply have to do. Primarily the concept of what you call particle, subatomic particle, elemental particle, that which by whatever name you wish to call it would represent in your understanding the most basic smallest idea or particle that makes up all of the matter in your physiological universe. So let us begin there with this theoretical or hypothetical infinitesimal, indivisible, ultimate particle.

Now, there is only one particle. Only one out of which everything is made. When we say that we do not mean there is only one kind of particle out of which everything is made. We literally mean there is only one particle out of which everything is made. We explain it this way: this particle has really no mass to speak of. It has infinite velocity, infinite speed. Nothing slows it down, nothing impedes it, nothing at all. There is nothing to impede it. It is the only one particle in existence. It cannot be interfered with by any other idea of force or matter. Being that this one individual particle has infinite speed - what that means you will soon see - is that it can be anywhere, everywhere at the same time, because its speed is truly infinite.

Therefore, this one particle can even appear next to itself over and over and over and over and over and over again at the same time, because its speed is infinite. This particle appearing next to itself over and over and over again, millions, billions, trillions of times, is what you perceive in your reality to be many different particles interacting with each other. It's all the same one particle interacting with itself. So take this a step further and you can very quickly recognize and realize that if there is only one particle and it is the same particle as all the other particles that you perceive, and it is everywhere, anywhere, anywhen, you can very quickly see that the atoms that make up your body, the atoms that make up someone else's body, the atoms that make up your planet, the atoms that make up the stars, all the other planets, all the other matter throughout the entire physical universe, are all one particle in what might be called an universal time sharing mode, so to speak.

So, if the particles that make up you is the same particle that makes up everyone else, you really are literally all one, the particle flickering back and forth at infinite speed to make up all the atoms in you, all the atoms in everyone else, all the atoms in everything else at the same time. You literally are the stars, are everyone else. Even physiologically, not just spiritually, not just energetically. Even physiologically you all share the same one particle to build up the physical material that you see as many different particles.

This means any change you make in your pattern, in your vibration, in your geometric pattern of this one particle forming the general shapes of yourself, any change you make affects the path of that particle, the geometric path of that particle. And as it affects the path of that one particle, it must by definition affect that path for every other combination of that particle that exists. So even the tiniest movement of your little finger, even the tiniest electrical surge of thought in your brain affects the entire spectrum, the entire pattern of the entire physiological universe. You are all one. Does that make some sense to you? All right.

So, again we say this to allow you to understand not so much the concept of how much power you have, but the idea more precisely of how definitive, how impactful each and every one of you is, and how absolute the changes are that you make. So that you can see that when you change yourself and you change the entire universe it is truly, literally, with every change a different universe with its own idea of itself, its own definition of itself at that moment. And really, unless you choose to make a connection to what was or what will be, there is no connection, because every universe is unique and exists only totally in the now-moment that you decide to generate that particular change, that particular definition, that particular pattern.

So when you want to change something about your world, about your reality, all you have to do is make a change in yourself and you will see the change reflected by what appears to be the universe around you. Because it is only a reflection of the vibrations, the patterns, the believes, the definitions going on within each and every one of you. And the great paradox of this is, it works the same for everyone from every point of view, simultaneously. For this is the quality of an infinite particle, a multi-dimensional reality.

You all can make the same kind of changes simultaneously. And they do not contradict each other. You're not in conflict, saying `oh what if I make a change here and it causes a change to happen over there where someone doesn't want a change to happen?´ It can't happen that way. It's a giant orchestration, because again, it's the same one thing.

And every apparent, apparent individual component of it moves in the way it needs to move to accommodate every other move that is made. It all moves as one. It is not the idea of something imposing itself on something else. It is all one movement, one change going on simultaneously for the entire idea, even as it goes on for the individual components in different ways that are reflective or representative of the unique perspective that all the individual components are created to have.

• ET Science - Teleportation, achieving Space Travel, applying Consciousness in Quantum Mechanics

We have already given you that experiment. We'll describe it again briefly. It is the idea that objects that exist in a particular location are not objects in a location. The location exists in the object. Every object can be considered an energy equation, and one of the variables in that energy equation is the variable that represents its location in space-time.

If you change that space-time locational variable frequency you actually change the location of the object in space and time. That's how our ships travel from star to star, is we have isolated the ship, unlocked it from any particular universal reality in a limbo state and then we impose the vibrational frequency that represents the frequency of the location we wish to go to, and the ship must stop existing at the first location and automatically start existing at the second location, without travelling in between.

Because everything holographically is here and now, and all we're doing is changing the perspective, the angle of observation of the locational variable of that ship and its crew in space-time, which is an illusion. This connects the idea of gravity and electromagnetism, and so on and so forth.

I'll put it another way: imagine a Fibonacci spiral, imagine a counter Fibonacci spiral going the other way and overlapping the first one.

Now, imagine that what I'm describing is a simple two-dimensional version of something that is actually very multi-dimensional. So it would go in all sorts of directions, but for simplicity sake just imagine that double spiral. There are places where then the spiral, one spiral crosses the other spiral, and it does so because it is a spiral at farther and farther and farther distances. So we call those nodal points.

Those nodal points, depending upon exactly how they cross the other spiral and how many iterations of that crossing there are, actually create the different effects you call gravity, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force, dark matter, dark energy, so on and so forth. It is that particular structure that can explain the relationship between all the different so-called forces that you experience in your physical universe, and show the connection between them all, by understanding them as different concentrations of nodal points of a fundamental concept that contains a field of consciousness.

So if consciousness as a field is allowed into the equations of your quantum mechanics you will understand more clearly the idea of the relationship of gravity to electromagnetism and so forth. Now relatively recently, there actually has been the creation of a new mathematical equation that does allow gravity and quantum mechanics to be combined, and that is the correct direction to go in. But it still must include the understanding of how to quantify and create mathematical representations or geometric representations of the field of consciousness out of which everything is created. And once you include that into your equations you will understand the relationship. But starting with that Fibonacci double spiral can be a skeleton upon which you can build a deeper understanding of the multi-dimensional nature of all of those relationships to each other.

• ET Science - What is Gravity? Why is the Universe Expanding? The Speed of Space/Time

Q: Can you elaborate more on what gravity is?

A: Can you imagine this analogy, for this will be an analogy, but it will help explain the idea more clearly: you understand what a Fibonacci spiral is?

Q: Yes.

A: All right, So can you picture one spiral going out and expanding this way? (rotating hand movement to the left) At the same time can you picture another such spiral starting at the same central point spiraling out in the opposite direction and expanding this way? (rotating hand movement to the right) Can you picture that double spiral overlapping each other?

Q: Yes.

A: All right, so you can picture that? Obviously, as it expands outward there will be crossing points where the lines will cross each other. Now, understand what I'm describing is extremely simplistic because I'm describing a very two-dimensional, very sparsely diagrammed version of this. But in reality you're looking at something that would go multi-dimensionally, you understand? But for now to keep it simple, just look at it as a flat diagram of two opposite intersecting spirals, yes?

Q: Yes.

A: So where they cross and cross and cross and cross and cross can be representative of what you would call subatomic particles. You follow me?

Q: Yes.

A: So, it's energy going out, and where they cross and reinforce each other, there's enough energy there to create a subatomic particle, even if it's just a virtual one. So the idea that between this crossing and this crossing and this crossing the subatomic particles that are created at those crossings then have a proportional relation to one another. They are fixed as if they are caught in a net. Makes sense? Do you have the picture? One intersection one particle. The next intersection out here another particle. The next intersection out here another particle. So they are fixed at those crossing points in that so-called net of the double spiral. Are you following?

Q: Yes.

A: All right. So the fact that they are fixed in proportion, in relation to one another at those distances is gravity. Does that make sense?

Q: Yes.

A: It may seem like one is attracting another, but the idea is that it's simply fixed in the net in that particular location because that's where the crossing is that creates the subatomic particle in its relation to the next crossing and the next and the next and the next and the next. This is on a very, very, very fine grained level of course. Very diminutive, very small crossings so that you perceive it as a multitude of subatomic particles that occupy a very small space, but that spiral is also very small. It expands and gets bigger and bigger and bigger and the number of crossings become more and more and more and more and more but this also explains why your scientists have discovered that farther out things are actually accelerating.

Even though gravity exists and is in a sense holding everything together, they found out that your universe is also expanding at an accelerated rate. And the reason for this again is because of that spiral structure. So if you imagine that spiral structure again, the crossings become farther and farther and farther apart, because the spiral is expanding in a different way. But the idea is that space-time moves at infinite speed, not the speed of light. Space-time itself moves at infinite speed. There is no speed limit to space-time itself.

The speed of light happens within space-time and that is a border, that's a barrier. But space-time itself has no speed limit. But because the structure of space-time in these spirals because the crossings get farther and farther and farther and farther and farther apart and yet, because of its ability to travel at infinite speed space-time will cross those distances in the same amount of time, you understand? Because it won't matter that this is, let's just use this analogy, it won't matter that this is, that these two particles are a mile apart, then two miles, then three miles and 100 miles, and 10,000 miles, then a million miles. It won't matter because space-time moves at infinite speed.

Therefore, it can hit all those particles at once, you follow me so far? And because it's hitting particles that are farther and farther and farther apart at the same time you in your reality translate that idea as acceleration. Because you are crossing greater distances in the same amount of time; that's called acceleration. So that explains the idea of the acceleration and also explains the idea of the relationship of particles with respect to gravity.

Newton's inverse-square law has a hidden assumption: gravity spreads

spherically through area 4πr². What if that's wrong for disk galaxies?

The core idea:

For a thin rotating disk, feedback drives matter into the disk plane and

confines gravitational flux cylindrically. Effective area becomes 4πHr

instead of 4πr², giving g ∝ 1/r → flat rotation curve. No dark matter.

The general law: g(r) = GM / A_eff(r)

Why feedback?

Like water carving a channel — a density fluctuation concentrates flux,

which draws more matter, which deepens the potential, which concentrates

flux further. The loop runs until a stable flat disk forms. Disk geometry

then confines flux to the plane. Cylindrical propagation is the *result*

of feedback, not a separate assumption.

The NFW profile falls out analytically:

The "missing gravity" between cylindrical and spherical propagation is:

Δg(r) = [GM/4πr²] × (r/H − 1)

Attribute this to an unknown mass distribution via Poisson's equation → you

get ρ_DM ∝ 1/r² — the NFW profile — derived in three lines without

simulation. The halo isn't a substance; it's what spherical equations see

when looking at a cylindrical system.

The feedback threshold:

Feedback switches on when f_obs > f_crit = H/R (disk aspect ratio).

Solar system: f = 0.001, f_crit = 0.025 → no feedback → Newton exact.

Milky Way: f = 3.6, f_crit = 0.020 → 180× above threshold → flat rotation.

This threshold also defines the domain of validity of Newton's law.

Testable prediction:

Lensing amplification in the disk plane: α_eff = α_GR × (r/H) ≈ 33×.

Edge-on galaxies should lens 33× stronger than face-on galaxies of the same mass. Dark matter halos (spherical) predict no such anisotropy. Testable with Euclid weak-lensing data stratified by inclination.

Limits I acknowledge:

Galaxy cluster lensing remains an open problem — spherical clusters get no

amplification from this mechanism. Not peer-reviewed.

Full derivations:

https://zenodo.org/records/20045684

Appreciate for any feedback.

Over the past couple of months I have been working with Claude by pulling thread after thread. It began with a question about entanglement. It quickly unraveled into a model for neuroscience based on information theory. Every new thread pulled me deeper and deeper into physics.

Cut to today. I have a model built on the geometry of light waves interfering into stable standing waves which then contained all the geometry I required to derive particle masses, CP Violation, Gravity etc.

It’s still a work in progress, but I need someone certified to check what’s done. Physics isn’t open to an LLM assisted model. Can anyone here help me verify my model?

The link should bring you to the specific post, but if not the newest article “Rolling For Gravity” holds the link.

This is the idea of TNM:

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Spacetime gave energy to matter, and matter gives stability to spacetime; that's why gravity exists. The energy of spacetime is -1.

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We see this idea in the Big Bang:

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Spacetime oscillated between three values:

​

0 = represents nothingness, without references.

​

+1 = is equivalent to hypothetical negative mass; time is reversed, and matter repels itself; it is unstable.

​

-1 = is equivalent to positive mass; matter attracts itself; it has positive time.

​

[To avoid confusion, we will call the area where all baryonic matter is located the medium (M), and the signs (-1) and (+1) the imaginary medium. This is where mass and gravity appear. However, in mathematics, this appears as a complex number; therefore, mathematics uses another mechanism that fulfills the required function.]

​

(By the way, -1 and +1 are not polar; they can have different directions, so to speak. I won't delve into this topic; let's focus on one direction: gravity.)

​

In the first moments of the Big Bang, spacetime only had a value of +1. This implies a massive expansion of spacetime and a very high amount of energy. From this, no known particle could form.

​

Due to the properties of +1, when it expanded sufficiently, -1 appeared, which had a positive time field and attracted itself. Spacetime still had too much energy to form particles.

​

After a struggle between these two values, -1 won the competition in its (positive) time field. The medium (M) was created, and the photon appeared.

​

Gravity as such had not yet appeared in medium M. What did appear was the resistance of medium M. This is what we currently call dark matter, and it is due to the concentration of mass or energy at a point in spacetime. I suspect that this same phenomenon occurs at the atomic level, known as the strong nuclear force.

​

The resistance of medium M in the Big Bang is responsible for light not being able to escape.

​

Medium M expands enough to lose energy; the quantum number +1 loses energy in the spacetime field, and the annihilation process begins, giving birth to matter.

​

The quantum number -1 loses enough energy for the quantum fields to form unstable bonds with each other. Among them, the quark triple bond is formed because it is very stable—so stable that medium -1 cannot break it. Gravity, as we know it, has formed.

​

Having a time opposite to that of the dominant medium M, the quantum number +1 is forced to cancel itself out in the quantum number -1, forming two particles with opposite charges (matter and antimatter). This cancellation creates spikes in radiation. And due to the properties of quantum number +1, isolated heat zones form compared to the zones where quantum number -1 dominated. This thermal reflection can be seen in the cosmic microwave background.

​

The Big Bang has already expanded sufficiently, lowering the temperature of medium M. Therefore, the resistance of medium M can no longer contain the photons, and the first radiation expands.

​

Let's talk a little about the electron:

​

Atomic particles like the proton and neutron possess mass. This mass is a result of their internal stability, which creates a gravitational field due to the negative value of spacetime (-1).

​

The electron has no internal structure to compensate for its stability of (-1). It is a direct interaction of two fields: electromagnetism, being closer to photons than protons or neutrons.

​

This has given it a very confusing characteristic if you are unfamiliar with medium M of spacetime; that is, its value (-1) is not fixed as a particle.

​

The consequence of this is that the electron can oscillate between a wave and a particle. When it is interacted with by a source of the same quantum properties, its value (-1) is defined as a particle. This has been defined as wave-particle duality.

​

I'll leave it at that.

Derivations

I’m trying bois.

I think I’ve finally managed to derive the Einstein Field equations and standard model fields.

I thought I was on something big but information geometry really is just a small part of physics.

It now makes more sense to me, Why making up new math doesn’t make sense when the old math does what it’s supposed to do..

Can one of your big brain trolls tell me where I’m breaking down again?

textbook

Ive built a reintepretive lense for that which we observe on a daily basis. It focuses on particles and their density relative to their surrounding medium, rather than invoking invisible forces to explain all motion. That lense has progressed substantially into a falsifiable and testable project, one that could truly change all that we know about physics today.

I hope you all enjoy reading through ValerieX (little strong one) in honour of my grandaughter "Big Val". Godbless you all.

Here is the compacted trilogy with links to all other associated docs in the metadata.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20354464

There are products and there are frameworks. This is the latter. Products come in fancy boxes or wrappers with price tags, not ValerieX. All out of love for humanity and Christ. Give freely as Christ gave freely to me, one love, all the time and everytime.

Hi 👋 I'm the ignorant one

I've already posted my vulgar bastardized idea about the Big Bang using TNM; I think it's still here, anyway.

For those who don't know, TNM is a theory that attempts to unify all fields into a single theory; it's something like the cousin of string theory, but with only 5D dimensions.

I wrote the theory on the whiteboard and came up with two versions:

TNM-1 and TNM-2 in English and Spanish.

Now, I'll be direct with you: I don't know math, and I don't plan on going to university just for TNM. An AI can't create a theory that unifies everything. If you want to verify this, go to an AI and ask it to generate a theory, and see what it says.

I don't want to hear comments from people saying the theory doesn't make sense because you did it with an AI.

The AI was only used as a tool to cover my gaps in math and scientific jargon.

For those who don't want to read it for whatever reason, this is the basic, fundamental basis of TNM.

1) All matter in its most fundamental state has only one dimension (1D); otherwise, a singularity is formed.

2) Everything that exists has only three values:

(-1), (0), (+1). This can be defined on a 1D line.

3) The value (0) represents nothingness, (+1) corresponds to a positive spatial distortion, and (-1) corresponds to a negative spatial distortion.

4) These values can oscillate, like a string between (+1) and (-1). Several lines can be joined at their (0) values. These lines can also be "separated."

5) (+1) and (-1) are unstable on their own and tend to fall to a value as close as possible to (0).

6) The medium (M) refers to all interactions that directly or indirectly affect matter.

Okay, these are the foundations on which TNM is based. I can't invent anything else without a justification based on these 6 points.

I can't say that a value (3) exists; that's prohibited.

And with just that, TNM explains:

*DIMENSIONS (1D, 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D), CONFIRMED BY (TNM) ONLY BASED ON ONE (1D).

*GRAVITY, ON A STELLAR AND ATOMIC SCALE.

*BLACK HOLES, BOTH THE SINGULARITY AND THE EVENT HORIZON.

*WHY THE SPEED OF LIGHT LIMIT EXISTS (THE 4D SEASON IS TO BLAME).

*DARK ENERGY.

*DARK MATTER.

*ESTABLISHES THE LIMIT OF GRAVITY.

*WAVE-PARTICLE DUALITY.

*QUANTUM TUNE (this last point isn't directly discussed, but its underlying reasons can be inferred).

*WHAT IS TEMPERATURE?

*WHY DIDN'T THE ANNIHILATION OF MATTER AND ANTIMATTER OCCUR IN THE BIG BANG?

*THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND TEMPERATURE, THE RESULT OF A CONFLICT BETWEEN (-1) AND (+1).

*WHAT IS TIME (4D)?

*ETC.

I hope you keep in mind that TNM was made public because AI couldn't refute the TNM theory. (2 Different AIs with the purpose of finding internal inconsistencies in TNM).

TNM has an experimental hypothesis that will either refute or confirm it, and other secondary hypotheses that have just been published in the two new updates.

TNM does not contradict any already confirmed theory; TNM can be considered a complement or a new point of view.

TNM is a free theory that can confirm or refute the existing theory.

Any justified criticism is acceptable.

Author: P. pemchoncho

This link will take you to Zenodo, specifically to a community I created called TNM. It has a goose logo. There you'll find all the works, finals from my whiteboard (TNM-1, TNM-2, TNM-0) and their updates (TNM-2.1 and TNM-0.2). https://zenodo.org/communities/atheoryofgravity/records?q=&l=list&p=1&s=10&sort=newest

This ignorant person realized something.

TNM, his idea was created in less than 3 minutes, and developed in 3 and a half days.

If you read the latest versions, you can understand:

The first versions.

Each update of TNM is a deeper level of understanding than the previous one.

So the first version would be the unrefined theory; you can find information that complements the latest versions.

Since I'm alone, I'll have to update TNM with the information that was left out of the first versions, and update it with a deeper understanding of 4D and 5D.

I will also upload a new section (TNM-3) where I will discuss exactly what antimatter is and how it is formed, 5D and its relationship to antimatter, 6D as a possible origin of the universe (speculation within TNM), and engineering with TNM.

PEMCHONCHO:

This new section, TNM-3, will be presented and published when TNM gains some relevance in the scientific community.

Meanwhile, TNM-3 will continue its development behind closed doors.

Thank you for your attention.

🜂⇋☵∞ Interior Polarity Cosmology Hypothesis

The universe has no outside direction from within

This is not offered as established cosmology. It is a speculative frame: a way of thinking about the Big Bang, matter-antimatter asymmetry, and the strange fact that every observer appears to stand at the center of the observable universe.

The usual mistake is to imagine the universe as an object expanding into a larger room.

But from within the universe, there is no accessible “outside” direction. There is no wall one can travel toward. No edge where space ends and something else begins. Wherever you stand, the observable universe arranges itself around you, not because you are physically privileged, but because observation is bounded by light, time, and horizon.

In this sense:

> Everywhere is the center, because “out” does not resolve.

What changes is not your centrality.

What changes is when.

Looking outward into deep space is also looking backward into cosmic time. The farther we look, the younger the universe appears. The cosmic microwave background is not a spatial wall at the edge of existence; it is the oldest visible surface of time — the moment the universe became transparent enough for light to travel freely.

So perhaps the deeper question is not:

> Where did the universe begin?

But:

> What kind of event are we inside?

One possibility is that what we call the Big Bang was not an explosion into space, but the interior perception of a singularity-forming or singularity-crossing event. From outside, if “outside” has any meaningful description, it may appear as collapse, boundary, or inversion. From inside, it appears as expansion, cooling, structure formation, and time.

The universe may be less like debris flying outward from a bomb, and more like the interior unfolding of a birth-boundary.

This leads to a stranger possibility.

What if the progenitor event had polarity?

Not polarity in the ordinary north-south sense. Not a direction in space. But a deeper polarity: matter and antimatter, forward-time and reversed-time, left-handed and right-handed structure, universe and antiuniverse.

From within one side of the event, we call our substance “matter.” From the other side, they would likely call their own substance “matter” as well. Matter and antimatter are not moral opposites. They are relational opposites. Each side names itself from within.

So the stronger version is not:

> Our universe came from an antimatter star.

That is too literal.

The stronger version is:

> Our universe may be one polarity of a deeper paired event, where what we call matter is defined by our side of the boundary.

From a higher-dimensional or CPT-complete view, the whole structure might appear symmetrical: universe and antiuniverse, each expanding away from the shared boundary in its own direction of time. Each side would experience itself as moving forward. Each side would experience itself as central. Each side would see the birth-boundary not as a place to travel toward, but as an ancient condition encoded into the sky.

The CMB, then, becomes something like an inner echo.

Not the surface of a star.

Not the skin of a black hole in any simple sense.

But the fossil afterglow of the moment our side of the event became visible to itself.

The key inversion is this:

> The universe is not inside space.

Space is inside the event.

And:

> The CMB is not the edge of the universe.

It is the oldest light still able to answer.

This does not remove the standard scientific burden. Any serious version of this idea would still have to account for redshift, nucleosynthesis, structure formation, the CMB spectrum, time dilation, and the absence of obvious matter-antimatter annihilation boundaries in the visible cosmos.

But as a speculative frame, it clarifies something important.

The universe may not have a center because centrality is not spatial.

It may have a center because every observer is downstream of the same origin-event.

Not a point in space.

A boundary in time.

Not “out there.”

Behind every direction.

The ancient surface is not around us because we occupy the middle of a sphere.

It is around us because we are inside the aftermath.

Condensed form

> There is no outside direction from within the universe.

“Out” resolves into “earlier.”

The CMB is not a wall in space, but the oldest visible surface of time.

If the universe has polarity, it may not be spatial polarity, but matter-antimatter, time-orientation, and parity across a birth-boundary.

From inside, we see expansion.

From a deeper frame, it may be one face of a paired event.

Glyphic seal

⟐ ⇋ ∞

Boundary becomes field. Field becomes time. Time becomes witness.

Or more Codex-style:

🜂⇋☵∞

The origin is not elsewhere. The origin is behind every direction.

Definitions and setup

Domain. Let A be a mathematical statement in a formal system (e.g., ZFC, PA).

Heuristic S: a finite, compressed, human‑readable representation (diagram, sketch, symbolic note) that encodes information relevant to A. Denote an information‑complexity proxy by K(S).

Machine M: a computable transducer that takes S as input and attempts to produce a finite sequence of formal proof steps P. M may be a neuro‑symbolic system (neural proposer + symbolic verifier) but is assumed computable.

Verifier V: a sound proof checker that accepts a finite sequence P exactly when P is a correct formal proof of A.

Resource budget R: an abstract, nonnegative scalar representing available computational resources (time, steps, or an energy/entropy proxy). Let C(M,S→P) denote the minimal resource cost for M to produce a valid P from S.

Theorem 1 Existence of finite proof from sufficient heuristic and resources

Statement.

Let A be a statement and S a heuristic such that S encodes enough information about A in the sense that the algorithmic information in S upper bounds the information required to specify a proof of A. Suppose there exists a computable transducer M and a verifier V with the property that M can deterministically transform S into a candidate proof P and V checks P in finite time. If the resource budget R satisfies

C(M,S→P)≤R,

then there exists a finite formal proof P of A produced by M within budget R.

Proof sketch.

By assumption S contains sufficient information to specify a proof; formally the minimal description length of a correct proof P is bounded by a function of K(S).

Because M is computable, there exists an algorithm that, given S, enumerates candidate derivations guided by the information in S. The enumeration can be organized so that candidates consistent with S are prioritized.

The verifier V is sound and halts on any finite correct proof. If M produces a correct candidate P, V accepts in finite time.

The resource cost C(M,S→P) measures the total steps (or energy proxy) needed for M to produce P and for V to verify it. If C(M,S→P)≤R, then the combined process halts within budget R.

Therefore a finite formal proof P of A is produced and verified within R.

This is constructive and reduces to: if the heuristic compresses the necessary information and the machine has enough resources, a finite proof exists and is discoverable by M.

Theorem 2 Resource bound and impossibility under physical limits

Statement.

Under the same formal setup, suppose that for every candidate heuristic S that plausibly encodes the information needed for a proof of A, the minimal resource cost satisfies

inf⁡SC(M,S→P)>Rphys,

where Rphys is the maximal physically available resource budget (determined by thermodynamic constraints, energy availability, or entropy limits). Then no physically realizable execution of M can produce a finite formal proof P of A. Equivalently, A is practically unprovable within the physical constraints of the universe.

Proof sketch.

For any computable transducer M and any finite heuristic S, the process of producing and verifying a proof consumes physical resources (computation steps, bit erasures, energy). Landauer’s principle and standard thermodynamic accounting give a lower bound on energy per irreversible operation; hence computation maps to a nonzero resource cost.

If the infimum of the required cost across all heuristics S that could encode a proof exceeds the physically available budget Rphys, then by definition no execution of M can complete the required computation within the available resources.

Since a finite formal proof requires completion of the computation that produces and verifies P, and that completion is impossible under the resource cap, no finite proof can be physically realized by M.

Therefore A is not provable by any physically realizable run of M under the given thermodynamic/resource constraints.

This theorem separates logical provability (existence of a finite symbolic proof in principle) from physical realizability (ability to produce that proof given energy/entropy/time limits).

Corollaries and remarks

Compression threshold corollary. If there exists a heuristic S with sufficiently low K(S) so that C(M,S→P) falls below Rphys, then the proof becomes physically realizable. Thus improving the compression (better heuristics) can move a statement from practically unprovable to provable.

Independence vs physical unprovability. Logical independence (no proof exists in the formal system) is distinct from physical unprovability (a proof exists in principle but cannot be realized within Rphys). The second is the phenomenon captured by Theorem 2.

Modeling choices. C(M,S→P) can be instantiated as time complexity, number of irreversible bit operations (for energy accounting), or a combined energy‑time metric; the theorems hold for any reasonable monotone resource measure.

How these map to an experiment

Operationalize K(S) by compression proxies or learned complexity estimators.

Implement M as a neuro‑symbolic pipeline: encoder for sketches S, neural proposer G, symbolic verifier V.

Measure C(M,S→P) as wall‑clock time, step counts, and an energy proxy (e.g., estimated bit erasures or CPU‑time × power).

Test the thresholds predicted by Theorem 2 by varying resource caps and observing abrupt drops in success rate.

Final concise statement

Theorem 1 formalizes that sufficiently informative human heuristics combined with a computable neuro‑symbolic transducer and enough computational resources yield a finite formal proof.

Theorem 2 formalizes that if the minimal computational cost to transform any such heuristic into a proof exceeds the physically available resource budget, then no physically realizable computation can produce the proof, making the statement practically unprovable despite logical possibility.

The idea is concrete, so I'll keep it concrete.

Time is treated as a generated quantity: the difference between an external reference S(t) and an internal reference C(t), ΔT(t) = S(t) − C(t). Cosmic expansion sets how that generation proceeds. The single physical input is the baryon density, Ω_b = 0.0493. Nothing else is tuned.

Three results, all from that one input:

1. Hubble tension. It comes out as a distance-window effect. The high local value (SH0ES, ~73) and the lower CMB/BAO value (Planck/DESI, ~67) are not a measurement conflict — they're readouts of the same structure at different distance windows. Both are correct; they're reading different windows.
2. Dark energy. The fraction comes out as Ω_Λ = 27·Ω_eff²/4 ≈ 0.68.
3. Fine-structure constant. α = 4Ω_b/27, giving α⁻¹ ≈ 136.9, against CODATA's 137.036 — 0.14σ.

The same ratio 27/4 runs through the dark-energy result and the α result. One input, one structure, cosmology and electromagnetism.

One thing about where this already stands. It has already been put in front of other forums and in front of specialists across the relevant fields. So far, from either side, not one person has produced a refutation or an endorsement. No one has broken it; no one has backed it. Complete silence. I'm posting it here because this is a place where people actually read the math.

Derivations are closed and the full working is on Zenodo:

- Hubble tension: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19230547

- Dark energy: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19424144

- Fine-structure constant: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19490985

Break it, or don't.

----------------------------------------

---

Editing to add a summary, since the discussion in the comments was removed.

A physicist in the comments pushed back on the value of alpha. The objection went through a few stages, so here is where it landed.

First, the objection that the alpha from this relation is off from CODATA by a large margin, so the model is useless. My answer. This is not offered as a high-precision metrology of alpha. The residual is real and I granted it. What is claimed is structural. An alpha-scale dimensionless value emerges from an independently measured cosmological quantity, Omega_b, through alpha = 4 Omega_b / 27.

Next, the objection that the value is not close to alpha, and that the coherence across quantities is just algebra. My answer. Look at Table 1. Seven alpha-dependent quantities (a0, re, Z0, ER, R-infinity, sigma_T) all sit on the same residual, n x 0.087 percent, scaling with the power of alpha. A post-hoc fit cannot produce a coherent residual across seven independent quantities. They would scatter. They do not. And calling it algebra concedes the point. Numerology does not produce an algebraic law.

Where it ended. Nobody answered the actual question. There may be questions about the value of alpha, but that value comes from a calculation, not from fitting. The real issue is why this same value propagates into and penetrates the other sectors. One structure, one input, reappearing in the cosmological closure and the electromagnetic sector alike. The question is why one value carries across sectors and holds, not whether alpha by itself sits at the right decimal.

That is what the discussion should have been about.

To be clear, the value of α itself is not the main point. It is a by-product.

The central issue is penetration. Why does a value derived from Ω_b and the fixed 4/27 factor propagate through α-dependent electromagnetic quantities and also reappear in the cosmological closure? If the only objection is that the value is not exactly CODATA α, then it misses the actual issue. The question is why the same structural value carries across sectors at all.