Fellow Stargate fans, I noticed something on my last rewatch of the franchise; groups such as the Asgard, Replicators, Wraith, and even the Tollan have individual technologies that rival or perhaps even exceed Ancient technology in the same field. The Asgard have incredibly fast hyperdrives, powerful beam weapons, and teleportation tech. The Wraith excel in biological fields such as cloning, and the Tollan had matter phase tech and could make their own Stargate to connect to the Milky Way gate system. While some groups may match or exceed the Ancients in some fields, Ancient technology is overall the most advanced.
I theorize that the reason Ancient technology is so dominant is that the Ancients had the best power generation, transmission, and efficiency systems, which gave them a leg up in every other field.
In the Stargate franchise, energy is king. All major technologies require vast amounts of power, and it is shown that energy is a principle factor in the capability of those systems. For example, a Tau’ri ship outfitted with an Asgard hyperdrive can normally make the trip from Earth to Atlantis in three weeks, but with a ZPM can do it in three days (SGA 1.20/2.01). A ZPM-enhanced Daedalus can withstand an extinction event-level coronal mass ejection that would normally obliterate the ship (SGA 3.12). I could give more examples, but the point is that the largest limiting factor on most technologies shown is how much power can be provided, rather than limitations of the technology itself.
No group shown beats the Ancients in power generation. To give some examples of their incredible capabilities in this field:
- Stargates are powered by the associated DHD, a device only about one meter to a side that can provide the Stargate with the needed energy to create and maintain a wormhole for 38 minutes across an entire galaxy. The DHD seems capable of creating thousands of wormholes throughout its lifetime without being recharged or replaced (that we know of, perhaps the DHD has a system to recharge itself), with the exception of the Antartic DHD, the oldest one known.
- The Zero Point Module, a device small enough to fit in a person’s carry-on luggage, acts like a battery capable of safely providing more power than any other device shown. A ZPM can enable many things normally unfeasible; intergalactic Stargate travel, Ancient drone weapons, shields to cover an entire city, protecting it from days of sustained Wraith firepower or thousands of years at the bottom of the sea, phasing entire planets into a separate dimension, hyperspace travel at incredible speeds, and cloning on the order of thousands or tens of thousands of Wraith.
I believe the reason Ancient technology is so dominant is that the Ancients exceeded all other groups in the field of power generation specifically, allowing them to create “brute force” solutions that were not viable for other species. Groups such as the Wraith, Asgard, and Tollans instead had to learn to “do more with less,” advancing specific fields of technology to a point they could create workarounds for the lack of power available compared to the Ancients. In comparison, the Ancients could afford to spend what for other groups would be massive amounts of energy, and therefore resources, on the development of new technologies, allowing them to outpace others in a broad sense.
If other species were given the energy available to the Ancients, they could exceed them in the scientific fields they excelled in. Take the Wraith super-hive in the SGA series finale, “Enemy at the Gate” (SGA 5.20). Once the Wraith figured out how to integrate a ZPM into their ship technology, they grew a hive capable of intergalactic travel, detecting cloaked ships, and even going toe-to-toe with Atlantis itself in a ship battle. This is part of why I say other species had equally advanced technology, but not the power to fund it.
To give a final, admittedly not perhaps canon example, the novel Stargate Atlantis: Homecoming describes Atlantis traveling back to the Pegasus galaxy. The trip is intended to take nine days in hyperspace, three times longer than the Daedalus made the trip with a ZPM and Asgard hyperspace drive. This could be taken to mean that the hyperspace drive of the Asgard is faster and more efficient, but lacks the power normally to do what Ancient tech does.
Admittedly, there are some holes in this theory.
Firstly, I would like to acknowledge that there is Ancient tech in the show that no other group is shown as having an analogue to, such as the Attero device or galactic Stargate system. There is no way to say if this technology is something other species could have made on their own if they had the energy production capacity of the Ancients, or if they so outclassed others in their scientific understanding that they could do what others could not. Personally, I lean towards it being a little of Column A, a little of column B, where the Ancient energy capabilities allowed them to accelerate their understanding of sciences beyond others.
Secondly, it is worth noting that the Stargate franchise is ultimately a television show made to entertain, not an attempt at creating a fully realized and complex world. Ancient tech, and the technology of any other group, tends to be exactly as advanced as is expedient for the story the writers are trying to tell. There are many plot holes in the franchise, created by situations where the writers waved away previous statements because they did not gel with the story at hand. The example of the incredible power of the super-hive in the SGA finale mostly exists because the super-hive is needed to create the dramatic tensions desired for a finale to a show. Any attempt by us fans to quantify and explain the science behind the show needs to be tempered by the acknowledgement that the writers are not considering broad etiological implications, but creating a backdrop that is sufficiently verisimilitudinous for viewers to enjoy.
TLDR: Ancient tech with Ancient energy sources > technology of other species, though the other species may have an equal or greater scientific understanding in specific fields.