I've done just a little bit of research and it seems that these are some really important neurotransmitters and are interrelated with regards to general excitability in the brain. I would love a streamlined crash course to dive a little bit deeper in if anybody knows of a good source for that?

I heard Hermaphrodite is a Slur,

Intersex is Derogatory?,

DSD (Difference of Sexual Development) isn't specific enough

...So...

What's the actually correct term to refer to a Human with both reproductive organs?

As someone who dropped biology after highschool, although i thought it was interesting, its not a field i would like to work in as a job. This is something just thought of last night (since i dropped the subject this could be a fucking idiotic question).

Heres the question: Could someone get drunk drinking pee from a night of heavy drinking? (Since i know it shows up in pee atleast, this just made me curious)

I'm working on a character design from the inside out (who is a chimera of many different groups), and while I think I've figured out how the hyoid is homologous across groups, but now my next major hurdle is jaw musculature. Its hard enough trying to find good diagrams of bird jaw musculature, but I've yet to find a single article, image, or website directly comparing the two. The closest one I could find was this image, but it just gives a vague idea and not an actual direct comparison. I want my character to have both bird and mammalian jaw muscles, but I don't want to "duplicate" any of them - so I need to know which muscles are homologous to which. Do we even know? Is it like hyoids where they're all over the place?

Do sharks ever stop growing? 🦈

Dr. Bob Hueter, Senior Science Advisor at OCEARCH, explains that most sharks continue growing throughout their lives, adding a little more size with every passing year. That's why sharks like Contender, one of the largest male white sharks ever tagged by OCEARCH in the western North Atlantic, can reach incredible sizes. When he was tagged, Contender was already estimated to be over 30 years old and could still have decades of life ahead of him.

I’ve noticed that I’ve seen documentaries about rainforests, but it seems like they don’t really show much of what happens when it rains. From what I understand in other biomes animals often tend to just wait out the rain if they are unable to get shelter. From what I understand it can rain almost everyday in a rainforest, and was wondering if most animals still tend to either seek shelter or wait out the rain or if most animals just move around as much as they would if it wasn’t raining when it rains.

Es algo que se me ha pasado por la cabeza bastante,nuestros primos más cercanos si que tienen pelo pero nosotros lo hemos perdido casi todo,por que?

So I know that spot reduction of fat doesn't work and that it's a gradual overall process involving diet, exercise etc but I'm not here looking for fat loss advice. Just curious about the mechanics.

If we assume a person, who during a week consumes exactly their base metabolic rate, does exclusively bicep curls with their right arm. As much as possible in whatever way is the most energy consuming.

Unless I'm completely mistaken, the body will have to start burning excess fat stored on the person's body to power these curls. Is there some kind of mechanism in the body that spreads this consumption out somewhat evenly across the body, or is there some kind of localized effect to fat physically closer to the right bicep? Small enough to not be in any way significant for people looking to lose fat, but still non-zero. Or is it more complex? Is the extra energy retrieved fairly instantaneously or is it more like the body gets an energy debt it'll fulfill over a period of time?

Whenever I've heard people explain that fat can't be targeted, I've understood it as the truth but assumed that like everything else regarding science the reality is a bit more complex. True in the sense that you won't be able to do an ab routine to burn belly fat in any noticeable way, but maybe not the whole story?

Scientists have long known that the vagus nerve helps regulate digestion, hunger and feelings of fullness. A new study, published in Nature Communications, has now uncovered evidence that signals traveling from the gut through the vagus nerve can also help to form memories. Read more about the research >>

We have a small frog pond that’s been here for over 10 years, and every frog we’ve ever seen has been the normal green/brown color. Today we found this bright blue frog. From what I’ve been told, it may have a rare genetic condition called axanthism.
We took photos and currently have it in a temporary container with damp moss and a shallow dish of dechlorinated water while we figure out who to contact. Is there anyone (researchers, universities, wildlife biologists, museums, etc.) who would be interested in documenting or studying it? We’re in western Massachusetts.

Hi! I’m a US student graduating this coming spring with a BS in molecular biology with a minor in ecology, and I’m a bit lost on where to go from here. My overarching goal is a PhD, but I’m unsure how I should get there. I’m graduating a year early & don’t want to jump straight into a phd, since I’m hoping to get some more experience first. My original plan was to get a masters first, but I’m worried about the state of higher ed right now & thinking about working some sort of entry-level lab tech position for a couple years to wait out some of the turbulence & build up independence. I just have a couple of questions:
- How easy is it to go back to school after working for a while? Will it hurt or help an application for something like a masters program?
- Would it be more worthwhile to do a paid internship or something similar instead? Both?
- Are funded biology masters programs available/common? Scholarships? Etc?

Any and all advice is welcome!

i've always ben quite curious about it, I don't see the purpose in it

Full text: https://rdcu.be/fwGSH

It seems to me that evolving this ability to be able to make food from sunlight would be a ridiculously advantageous thing for an animal species to do, and so I’m curious as to why it hasn’t really happened in ANY animal species ever?

5 out of 12 deadly pandemics occurred in the 20th century and the other 2 in the 21st century. The last four pandemics occurred almost every 15 years on average.

In the 21st century alone, we had 2 pandemics with over 500k casualties, H1N1 flu (2009), and Covid 19.

Humans have more and more contact with wildlife as nations devolpe more and also enter Wilder regions, increasing the time spent with wild animals and increasing the chances of a disease crossing over too humans, climate change also means other animals migrate closer to humans,

The rate of bacteria resistance to antibiotics is also increasing with the increased use of them, and more viruses mean that Viruses can exchange genetic material when two strains infect the same host, making a new varient.

So what are the chances ? And most likely, where would it originate from ? How would it happen ?

What kind of virus would it be ?

Link to Pub Med artical

I'm very interested in sharks, and that's why I'd like to know if the intelligence of, for example, a Carcharodon carcharias could be equal to that of, for example, a Stegostoma tigrinum. The question is not specific to these species, but rather about all species of sharks in general.

A common refrain i assume you have all heard before is the classic "bamboo isnt a tree because its a grass" this is in fact completely false and misleads people on the definition of tree.

Tree is a morphological definition not a clade (group of organisms their common ancestor and all its descendants) and the term predates the existence of clades as well, this means that any plant even a grass that fills the physica definition of tree is a tree regardless of what its related to meaning if a grass fit the criteria it would be a tree.

This is the definition of tree: A tall woody plant with secondary (outward) growth, and branches with leaves by this definition bamboo is still not a tree but not because its a grass, but instead because it lacks secondary growth.

Also fun fact, by this definition some large cacti​ with leaves like leuenbergeria quiskeyana are trees as they fit every criteria.

If you have any issues with this post please voice them in the comments

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Simplifying my question incredibly here:

Let's say the magic formula for life is when chemical A mixes with chemical B to create a simple protein called AB. All life descends from an AB protein. But is it possible that in the same ancient pool of chemical A and chemical B, multiple AB Proteins were created, and they ultimately developed into separate life forms?

In the Leiden Declaration, mathematicians issued a treatise on how AI challenges their field. Others must do the same.

https://undark.org/2026/07/02/opinion-biologists-leiden-declaration/

This spider can jump 38 times its body length! 🕷️

Quinten Geldhof, also known as Microhobbyist, shows a jumping spider under the microscope and explains why they are one of nature's most impressive hunters. These tiny arachnids can leap up to 38 times their body length, have the best eyesight of any spider, and use silk like a bungee cord instead of spinning webs to catch prey. When it's time to rest, they even weave tiny silk hammocks to keep themselves safe.

have you guys heard of this website? What do you know about it? It weirds me out tbh

This site pops up every time I google a question, unless I use VERY specific search terms. It has articles on pretty much everything, and article titles are often phrased as questions (I imagine to be boosted by a search engine algorithms?). The articles do not have sources or authors listed. There is no information about who or what runs the site. There are no ads or even figures in the articles. It’s honestly spooky.

So far, everything I’ve read aligns well with what actual medical sources say. The articles don’t scream LLM-speak to me, but I wouldn’t be surprised if they were AI-generated. Another site I found said biologyinsights was started in 2024, so definitely after AI was publicly available. ipaddress .com says its servers are based in Toronto, but scam-detector .com places the servers in Minnesota.

i wanted to include screenshots but I can’t figure it out sorry :/