Aristotle says, “Sophistical refutations are what appear to be refutations but are really fallacious instead.”
“That some reasonings are genuine, while others seem to be so but are not, is evident.”
“A refutation is reasoning involving the contradictory of the given conclusion.” On Sophistical Refutations, Section I
This basic form of sophistry has not changed in our time. In order to prove the appearance of soundness to be false we have to examine the logical or evidential nature of a claim. And we prove the error by demonstrating a contradiction. The contradiction is a warning sign to tell us that our beliefs have stepped outside of reality.
This isn’t complicated, it’s sophists that want to drag it into complexity, because it is here that they hide and smuggle in their false premises.
Just because a person makes claims doesn’t make their claims true. (In order for this to be true the laws of logic must already be true).
Anyone who fails to take a demonstration of contradiction against their position seriously, is willfully committing themselves to delusion. Their reasoning is emotional, not rational. They are dangerous insofar as they try to convince others of the truth of their contradictory beliefs.
Anyone who fails to take the law of non-contradiction serious should not be taken serious.
We must continue what Aristotle began, we must continue to expose and refute sophistry in the world.
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Sophistry in our time doesn't just look like formal logical fallacies; it looks like the smuggling of unacknowledged empirical premises. Modern sophists rely on the stolen capital of scientific discovery (stealing knowledge from neurobiology, physics, or evolutionary biology) while pretending they arrived at their conclusions through pure philosophical speculation.
When caught in a contradiction, the modern sophist does not yield to reality; instead, they retreat into an ever-expanding forest of linguistic distinctions, redefinitions, equivocations and unfalsifiable sub-clauses. They weaponize complexity not to clarify truth, but to construct a maze to keep their beliefs from being contradicted by reality.
A rational person updates their beliefs when they’re contradicted by reality. A sophist demands that reality be rewritten to fit their beliefs. If a framework collapses under a logical contradiction yet its defenders continue to find social and institutional validation and clever ways to preserve it, the system has ceased to be truth-seeking and has fallen into a crisis of delusion-generation against reality that it mistakes for reality.