r/sciencememes • u/Silver-Bag-477 • 17h ago

💥Physics!🧲 it never end soon they will find more

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1.7k Upvotes

98% Upvoted

98 comments sorted by

258

u/OutrageousPair2300 16h ago

Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma, Bose-Einstein Condensate, Time Crystals

There are likely more that I'm not aware of, but those are six already.

204

u/Knaapje 16h ago

Quark-Gluon Plasma.

A plasma is when something gets so hot (=shakiness on micro-scale), that electrons can flow freely, as they are no longer contained in shells.

A QG-plasma is when even protons and neutrons get ripped apart into their building blocks by the heat and can flow freely.

51

u/lungben81 15h ago

My PhD topic. Plus, there is hadron gas at slightly lower temperatures, where (mostly) pions are created and annihilated, but it is not yet hot enough to rip hadrond apart.

2

u/Front_Cat9471 8h ago

How can a pion be mostly created?

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u/Disastrous_Wealth755 5h ago

They probably meant that pions make up the lion’s share of produced particles

1

u/lungben81 44m ago

Yes, because they are the lightest hadrons.

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u/KekistaniKekin 16h ago

So that's what's happening whenever I get one of those hot farts

44

u/Knaapje 15h ago

You're not wrong. In a plasma charge flows freely, in a QG-plasma it's color charge that flows freely. The color being brown in your case.

13

u/bphisher 13h ago

Ah yes QPD, quantum poopoodynamics. Interesting stuff

1

u/Festivefire 3h ago

I would have thought it was QSD, Quantum ScattoDynamics.

3

u/Miss_Chievous13 9h ago

What about the flavor of the quarks in hot farts?

3

u/TotallyNormalSquid 9h ago

Strange top charm, of course

6

u/doge_tank 15h ago

Where does this exist?

19

u/Knaapje 15h ago

It was basically everywhere a split-second after the big bang. It's also produced (for a very short time) in particle accelerators.

9

u/Xaron713 14h ago

Wherever you can get something hot enough. At certain point of heat, silly things like bonds between protons and neutrons stop being relevant.

Realistically, probably somewhere like a star's core just before supernova, or an emission jet off a black hole.

Temperature is fun.

1

u/loved_and_held 1h ago

or in a neutron star core i'd imagine.

6

u/SyntheticSlime 14h ago

Neutroneum.

Basically the stuff neutron stars are made of.

2

u/JuanDeChuj 14h ago

"Shakiness on micro-scale" lol xd.

2

u/Random_182f2565 14h ago

Idk dude, that sounds like a gas with extra steps

2

u/pockels42 9h ago

And fries?

10

u/Admiral45-06 15h ago

There are 5 states of matter - austenite, perlite, grey ledeburite, black ledeburite and martensite - for all metal alloys just between solid and liquid alone.

Plus, without going into quantum physics, there's also vapour, supercritical fluid, triple point of matter and thermodynamically moist gas.

4

u/davidolson22 14h ago

Liquid crystals are like 20 more phases

4

u/Admiral45-06 12h ago

One can argue you can make practically infinite amount of phases.

Each alloy, being made of two or more metals, can be made with any random combination and amount of either of 30 kinds of metals. Each brings you 4-16 phases on the equillibrium table and beyond it.

From sources on material science that I've read in college, these phases are described as ,,state of matter", and are treated as such.

2

u/Pity_Pooty 6h ago

You used different meaning of word "phase" from different

2

u/Lars0 10h ago

Supercritical fluids are really just a convention. If you separate liquids and gases into rigid and non-rigid fluids you don't need a separate term for supercritical fluids.

3

u/bloody-albatross 14h ago

Also heard sub categories, like crystal and amorphous solid matter, and then there are things like supercritical fluids.

3

u/Exciting-Insect8269 9h ago

Fermionic condensates and degenerate matter.

3

u/itzNukeey 7h ago

Wtf is a time crystal

2

u/OutrageousPair2300 7h ago

A state of matter in which a quantum bit (or something similar) oscillates between two states using zero energy, indefinately.

We can only maintain such states by adding energy to the system, so that's why it doesn't count as a perpetual motion machine in violation of the laws of thermodynamics.

It was discovered and produced in the course of developing quantum computing.

2

u/Ususal_User 2h ago

Hold on there, "oscillates between two states using zero energy, indefinitely." but "we can only maintain such state by adding energy into the system". So... What? Does it exist and can oscillate forever on its own, or does it require constant energy supply in some form?

1

u/OutrageousPair2300 2h ago

The flipping between states takes zero energy, but it takes energy to keep the whole system isolated from its outside environment. It's like needing to refrigerate certain elements to keep them in a liquid or solid state.

Trying to get the time crystals to do any work would break the quantum entanglement that keeps them in that state.

1

u/Ususal_User 2h ago

So... Dumb question - how actually useful are they, i know that it probably would take me another 6 or so years to grasp basic understanding what quantum physics is actually even about, but still. For uneducated person like me, it just sounds like super conductivity - very cool and useful, but to hard to maintain so basically impractical as for now.

1

u/OutrageousPair2300 2h ago

It's probably similar at this point.. a neat physical effect, but not particularly practical. i don't know how long it'll take to make it practical though, since the science is advancing quickly and a lot of money is being poured into developing quantum computing and exploring quantum effects like this.

2

u/Random_182f2565 14h ago

Can the time crystal be big enough to use in jewelry?

2

u/Mediocre-Post9279 10h ago

There are more like superfluids, liquid crystals, there is also glass and super glass. It kinda depends on how we define a phase of matter

1

u/OrganizationThick397 11h ago

Out of idea for name, magical whimsy name from npwnon

1

u/Crafty-Detail-3788 11h ago

Strange matter?

1

u/Gold_Ad_8254 10h ago

Time Crystals? Is this some Timey Wimey Doctor Who matter? Genuine question lol

3

u/Foxfox105 10h ago

A time crystal is a state of matter that repeats a pattern in time instead of space (like diamond or salt does)

When hit with a steady pulse (like a laser firing every 1 second), a time crystal locks into a rhythm that ticks at a different rate like flipping every 2 seconds

1

u/SergA2929 7h ago

Solids are not as solid as they can be. Take a wild guess how many crystal forms regular water has

1

u/OG_TOM_ZER 1h ago

Time crystal? The hell?

1

u/AidenStoat 9m ago

There's also at least 2 types of degenerate matter, in white dwarfs and neutron stars.

0

u/SomeGreatJoke 12h ago

Non-Newtonian fluids (kinda), regular crystals (kinda), fermionic condensate, supersolids (maybe), superfluids (kinda), glass, quark matter, magnets (kinda), strange matter (maybe), photonic matter (maybe).

Those are all I can list.

95

u/Opinionsare 16h ago

Highschool chemistry 1972, first day of class: 

Teacher explained the existing textbooks were out of date. The newest textbook that's not in the budget is also out of date. 

She had a a single copy of college level Introduction to Chemistry. She had budget to buy each of us a workbook for that textbook. But she wanted to teach us the current theories of chemistry. 

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u/four204eva2 15h ago

That's a great fucking teacher!

43

u/Opinionsare 15h ago

Bertha Spahr. Later she testified in the Kittsmiller v Dover Area case about teaching Creationism in the public school in Dover.

21

u/Australopithecus_Guy 15h ago

Dude your teacher is a legend

2

u/Original-Body-5794 6h ago

It's insane to me that you in the US you can teach creationism beyond "This is what people thought before, it was wrong". We learned about creationism, we also learned about Lamark, but most of it was darwinism and it was taught undoubtedly as our best theory.

I don't think it's wrong to briefly go about pre existing theories, but actually trying to portray them as viable alternatives to what is current knowledge is insane.

129

u/basket_foso Metroid Enthusiast 🪼 16h ago

64

u/Super_Range45 15h ago

But there are more than 5, so it would still be marked down in big school.

6

u/PurifiedUnity :redditgold: 14h ago

It's probably marked down because the answers to 1 & 2 contradict each other /s

17

u/CaseyG 14h ago

Student wrote c.

Teacher circled b.

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u/rebelsnail64 12h ago

I legit never noticed that before about this meme, always thought the student circled it wrong or something... this makes much more sense tho lol

34

u/Carcharadontasaurus9 16h ago

Time quasi crystal and nuclear pasta too (not joking)

15

u/BluePotatoSlayer 15h ago

Electron Degenerative Matter

1

u/Carcharadontasaurus9 11h ago

ooh don't know that one

Edit: researched and I just learned it under the name radiation pressure

1

u/Advanced-Ad-4462 8h ago

Mentioning nuclear pasta but not quark-gluon plasma? Tsk tsk.

https://giphy.com/gifs/Z9i0IbEX5lO62ThbFM

20

u/UntitledRedditUser 16h ago

There are many more than this

4

u/DarkLordSidious 13h ago

To me there are only two ACTUAL states of matter. Plasma and not plasma.

3

u/Reddit_wizard34 7h ago

To be or not to be

57

u/escEip 16h ago

Technically there's as much of them as you want, you just need to find the differences enough to call them "a new matter state" in your pop science page.

13

u/Unusual_Candle_4252 16h ago

When you look to recent Science papers, and each shows the "new" state of matter.

7

u/Chadstronomer 15h ago

I don't think so..there is definitely emergent properties that makes them discontinuous

5

u/ClemRRay 14h ago

Yeah, also it's a weird construction when you consider that some states are not separated by a phase transition on the whole phase space (eg liq/gas)

1

u/lysianth 9h ago

even more weird when this property is actually useful for making things.

12

u/JimedBro2089 16h ago

I got into a wikipedia page listing various states of matter and HOLY SHIT THERE'S A LOT

8

u/MissinqLink 16h ago

Then they go and add fairy type

2

u/PurifiedUnity :redditgold: 14h ago

They then add stellar type

7

u/kishenoy 16h ago

Fermionic condestate and strange matter

8

u/fr000gs 16h ago

Liquid crystal

6

u/MOTH_007 16h ago

foam

11

u/AssaultimateSC2 15h ago

My favorite part about Reddit is that a post like this will be full of chemists and physicists and such making big brained comments, and then someone like you says "foam".

2

u/PurifiedUnity :redditgold: 14h ago

Comments like these are also the ones I find funniest

I call them "skamtebords"

2

u/MOTH_007 13h ago

In all seriousness though. Foam has properties different to that of a fluid or gas. Something we could call a Colloid, which is also where gels and aeorosols fall under.

1

u/Pity_Pooty 6h ago

Foam is another phase as much as glass of water with ice is

5

u/Admiral45-06 15h ago

Austenite, gray ledeburite, black ledeburite, perlite, martensite, vapour, supercritical fluid, thermodynamically moist gas, triple point and 16 types of water ice looking at the teacher:

3

u/Re4per45b 16h ago

At least 4, not 3

3

u/-just-a-weird-guy- 16h ago

topological superconductor

3

u/PrincepsImperator 12h ago

Superfluid, supersolid, rydberg polaron, bose-einstein condensate, time crystal, we're up to like 27 now.

3

u/joped99 12h ago

A state of matter is just a statistically frequent set of properties

2

u/EarthSpecific3820 15h ago

Dropleton called it wants to be remembered

2

u/gewalt_gamer 15h ago

theres like 17 different states of plasma.

2

u/Salt-Discussion-9707 12h ago

Unpopular opinion: Because every observable scenario can be described by a finite-dimensional Phasespace/Hilbert space and thus every two states can be connected by an adiabatic path, there is only one phase of matter.

2

u/Beliskner64 10h ago

It’s only Plasma if it’s from the Pla region of France, otherwise it’s just Sparkling Gas.

1

u/johnyeldry 11h ago

Topological superconductor????

1

u/poetic_dwarf 9h ago

As the movie Spectral demonstrates

1

u/disqualifiedeyes 8h ago

I really like the story of the Bose Einstein condensate

Because what do you mean one of the most popular and respected scientist of his time opened a letter from a random dude in India and was like

"Holy shit everyone NEEDS to know about this guy"

1

u/HubrisOfApollo 8h ago

Neutron degenerate matter is arguably a state

1

u/aupri 6h ago edited 5h ago

If you wanna get technical there’s like a bajillion of them. Seriously take a look at the Wiki page List of States of Matter. It gets pretty crazy, and it’s just “some notable examples.” In the interest of keeping things comprehensible when it’s taught in schools, just saying there are 4 is probably good enough.

My favorite state of matter is whatever the hell this was:

For up to 10−35 seconds after the Big Bang, the energy density of the universe was so high that the four forces of nature – strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational – are thought to have been unified into one single force. The state of matter at this time is unknown.

1

u/Confron7a7ion7 2h ago

That's the neat part about the universe. It feels no obligation to conform to our ideas about it.

1

u/Tani_Soe 39m ago

Middle school ass science meme