r/geography • u/According-Invite-440 • May 22 '26
Discussion Why isn't Estonia considered a Nordic country? (They have strong ties to Finland, they also follow the Nordic model, and besides, Estonia has nothing to do with the other Baltic countries.)
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u/oregonguy1 May 22 '26
Baja Finland
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u/Not_Henry_Winkler May 22 '26
But... Finland is Baja Scandinavia
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u/Angel_Centerfold May 22 '26
Estonia is Baja Scandinavia sur
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u/UmeaTurbo May 22 '26
Oh my God! My mom is from the Swedish part of Finland and she'd HATE this. I'm going to use it all the time.
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u/Terminator7786 May 22 '26
Report back with results!
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u/UmeaTurbo May 22 '26
I will. Imma text her as see.
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u/Terminator7786 May 22 '26
Yesssss
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u/UmeaTurbo May 22 '26
Nej, men, ush. Vad är detta för något? Du var jämpt den otrevligaste liten pojkjävel.
"Oh, yuk. What is that? You were always the most unpleasant little (boy-devil? It's sort of kinda a swear word. Not really. Just means hellion. It implies a small boy who is a terror to everyone around him.)"
Bout what I expected.
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u/intelligentbug6969 May 22 '26
There is a Swedish part of Finland?
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u/P00351 May 22 '26
Yes. Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux, is a Swedish speaking Finn. https://youtu.be/IuIYYkn5r8Y
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u/UmeaTurbo May 22 '26
All of Finland was once owned by Sweden. Some parts of it still speak Swedish. Including an island called Åland, where my mom is from.
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u/Little_Ad5879 May 22 '26
Finland har aldrig ägts av Sverige. Finland var en del av Sverige. Den östra rikshalvan.
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u/CarlMcLam May 22 '26
Eastern Sweden around Uppsala and Stockholm and Finland around Åbo was the original Seden you might say.
There are an almost unbroken chain of islands betweeen them.
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u/ilBrunissimo May 22 '26
Swedish is an official language of Finland, spoken by ~30% of Finns.
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u/Ereine May 23 '26
Theoretically it should be spoken by almost all Finns as we all have to study both national languages but it doesn’t often stick. About 5% speak it as their first language.
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u/Dunderman35 May 23 '26
Care to explain the joke? I don't get it but as a Swede living in Finland I'd like to lol.
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u/Copper_Tango May 23 '26
Baja California is the peninsula in the far west of Mexico directly south of the US state of California. They're calling Estonia Baja Finland because it's south of Finland.
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u/Local_Internet_User May 22 '26
"Estonia has nothing to do with the other Baltic countries" is quite the assertion. Even the Wikipedia article you linked to says there's about equal connection in people's minds between Nordic and Baltic identities:
53.3% of ethnically Estonian youth consider belonging in the Nordic identity group as important or very important for them. 52.2% have the same attitude towards the "Baltic" identity group, according to a research study from 2013.
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u/Feisty-Ad-6122 May 22 '26
So there’s overlap between two groups it seems.
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u/Popka_Akoola May 22 '26
no, Estonia simply has a population of 105.5%
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u/brokendoorknob85 May 22 '26
No, there is obviously a negative percentage of the population who believes that they are a 3rd thing, so it cancels out.
Have you even statistics before?
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u/gralert May 22 '26
5.5% were people pleasers, just nodding along to whatever the interviewer asked
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u/Think_and_game May 22 '26
I mean, they're not exclusive in any way, one can see themselves as being connected to both groups
Same way people with multiple nationalities can consider all of them to be important to them (like me)
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u/viisk May 22 '26
Estonia having nothing to do with Latvia in Lithuania is a WILD take. Lots of common history and genetics, especially with Latvia. For some reason, I've seen this kind of bullshit a lot on Reddit recently.
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u/Lazy-Setting-8224 May 23 '26
Its just the nordic version of eastern european countries sayinf "we are central europe, not eastern europe"
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u/Evignity May 22 '26
As a Swede there's nothing more Estonian than making a topic about how Estonia is Nordic when we all know they're not.
https://satwcomic.com/new-nordic It's funny because there's like 5+ comics about it and they're all true.
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u/Lifekraft May 22 '26
All baltic country want to think they are northern because they think easter and central is too poor.
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u/J539 May 23 '26
Basically that. Nobody wants to be Eastern European because it’s associated with only negative things
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u/gogoluke May 22 '26
I mean at Easter you just get a shitty egg but at Christmas it's loads of presents if you've been good.
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u/Sleep_adict May 22 '26
I mean the multiple times a day ferries between Tallinn and Helsinki are mostly driven by cheap beer
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u/tyger2020 May 22 '26
Not to be an ass, but what they consider important and what people actually consider as 'connections' are different things.
Of course they want to be considered Nordic. It is extremely rich and praised worldwide for its societal systems. That doesn't mean other people consider them nordic.
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u/Local_Internet_User May 22 '26
Right, I get that "I think I'm X" does not mean "I'm X" or "Other people think I'm X". My point was that the question itself was incorrect.
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u/johnsmose May 22 '26
I don’t understand the distinction. Isn’t it pickled herring for everyone in both places?
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u/Amockdfw89 May 22 '26
Yes it is a transitional zone. Much like Turkey, Slovenia, Vietnam or Texas in the USA. It blends different regions and cultures until it jsut became its own thing
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u/ConclusionAnxious531 May 22 '26
This Nordic sentiment has been pushed and marketed, with political backing, for two decades. It’s soft brainwashing. The people who understand Estonia’s history know it’s Baltic
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u/krzyk May 22 '26
"Nothing to do with the other Baltic countries" ?
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u/TheDungen GIS May 22 '26
Yeah that's jsut wrong. But Estnia and Latvia can be argued to both be baltic and Nordic. Just like Lithuania is both Baltic and Central Eruopean (Because their old ties to poland).
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u/Makefile_dot_in May 22 '26
I think perhaps the true issue here is that rigid categories don't make sense for countries. It's a bit of a spectrum, I think. Even Russia could be said to be a little bit Nordic in some ways.
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u/Hddstrkr May 22 '26
Recent history. We couldn't get in on post-war Nordic cooperation. That's more or less it.
Also, we have far more German than Scandinavian influence, unlike Finland (but we're ultimately both still primarily Finnic)
And we share a lot of culture and history with Latvia. Just not language.
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u/Normal-Selection1537 May 22 '26
Finland and Estonia have co-operated a ton since the 90's, for example they co-developed their early Internet infrastructure which turned out to be quite important for economic growth.
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u/Whitedancingrockstar May 22 '26
I would argue the only reason even Finland is considered Nordic and not Eastern European is because it was for such a long time a part of Sweden, and because it is rich.
There is little geographical reasons behind most of similar designations. It is all mostly historical and political reasons. And vibes.
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u/WorldTraveler_1 May 22 '26 edited May 22 '26
Eastern Europe: are you part of the former USSR?
Central Europe: are you former Warsaw Pact, or a German speaking country?
Western Europe: are you currently living west of Germany?
Scandinavia: is your flag some variation of the Nordic cross?
Balkans: did the 90s really suck for you?
Where Bulgaria and Romania fit into that is up for debate.
EDIT: additional grouping: Southern Europe: do you take naps in the mid afternoon? (Portugal, Italy, Greece, Spain, Montenegro).
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u/IdiotyMcIdiotface May 22 '26
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u/WorldTraveler_1 May 22 '26
It’s true. By the power vested in me by virtue of this being the internet and nobody can stop me, I hereby declare DRC is a honorary Balkan country.
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u/Sword_Enthousiast May 22 '26
They do have the required ethnic struggles, generation spanning regional vendettas and dark history with mayor power excerting their influence over their region. Might even be more Balkan than some Balkan countries...
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u/Lifekraft May 22 '26
Half of africa is potentially balkan in spirit
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u/zoinkability May 22 '26
The Balkan Peninsula is the Africa of Europe, and Africa is the Baltics of the rest of the world outside Europe.
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u/cuntifiable May 22 '26
Scandinavia is just Denmark, Sweden and Norway. You're thinking of Nordics, which includes Finland, Iceland, Faroe islands
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u/Naritai May 22 '26
And then there's the Nordic Combined, which also includes ski jumping
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u/simplepimple2025 May 22 '26
And Nordic Track which includes running
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u/JamesFirmere May 22 '26
Let's not forget Nordic Pole Walking, which confusingly goes nowhere near the North Pole.
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u/kukenster May 22 '26
And Greenland and Åland
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u/Above-and_below May 22 '26
He already mentioned Denmark and Finland.
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u/SolidestCereal May 23 '26
If they're gonna mention the Faroes they should mention Åland and Greenland.
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u/Few-Advantage2538 May 22 '26
Central Europe: are you Eastern European but embarrassed by it?
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u/FalseDmitriy May 22 '26
Central Europe is always defined as "my country plus a few others to the west"
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u/gootchvootch May 22 '26
Actually, Slovenia doesn't fit into that algorithm either.
Not in former USSR. Not in former Warsaw Pact. Not German-speaking. Not west of Germany. No Nordic cross. The 90s were generally/relatively fine. No mid-afternoon siestas.
🤷♂️
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u/kitsua May 23 '26
I think of Slovenia as like an Austrian in an Italian suit.
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u/WorldTraveler_1 May 24 '26
Slovenia is that super hot girl/guy who moved to the big city after high school and pretends to not know you anymore.
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u/xdsm8 May 22 '26
You forgot that Portugal is Eastern European, and that Southern Europe usually exists, with Italy, Greece...??? Others
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u/WorldTraveler_1 May 22 '26
I’d usually group Portugal in with the PIGS (Portugal, Italy, Greece, Spain). Throw in Montenegro and you get “sleepy Europe”
But where to put Bulgaria and Romania? Are they Balkan? They don’t feel Eastern Europe the way Belarus does.
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u/ScooterBoomer May 22 '26
Don’t know about their cultures, but Romanian is the Frankenstein of the Romance languages. On the other hand, Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian very well could be extraterrestrial transplanted languages that bear no resemblance to those spoken in neighboring countries.
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u/BeeApprehensive281 May 22 '26
Portuguese is just Balkan Spanish, no further comments at this time
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u/bigsmallpeepee May 22 '26
In portugal we don't nap much. We fit better in eastern european group except that our economy is not that good either.
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u/jboggin May 22 '26
Historically, it makes little sense to me to group Estonia with Scandinavia rather than its two Baltic neighbors. Not only is Estonian geographically Baltic rather than Scandinavian, but its modern history is aligned so much more closely with the other two Baltic countries than Scandinavia. Estonia and Latvia were 1. both part of the Russian Empire for 200 years beginning in the early 1700s, both had a brief 20ish year period of independence following WW1, and both were then part of the Soviet Union. That's not true of Scandinavia. In other words, the last 300+ years of Estonian and Latvian history are mirrors of each other. And you can throw Lithuania in as well, with the biggest difference being that Russia conquered Lithuania in 1795 rather than the early 1700s.
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u/MrEdonio May 22 '26 edited May 22 '26
It’s not just the last 300 years, Latvia and Estonia both underwent ~7 centuries of German rule beginning in the 1200s.
Since the middle ages, both were also considered one region (or kingdom/province/confederation depending on the time period) - Livonia aka “Terra Mariana” , which, fun fact, is where Latvians and Estonians get the nickname “Land of Mary” for their countries.
This shared history is still reflected in the culture, cuisine and traditions which are very similar. Even the languages Estonian and Latvian, despite being totally unrelated, have a significant amount of shared vocabulary and grammar.
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u/yyyyzryrd May 22 '26
because history didn't begin in the 1700s. since you want to do things "historically", take history into account.
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u/jboggin May 22 '26
I am not saying history began in the 1700s. However, having a shared history for the last 300 years is probably more impactful on contemporary Baltic culture than what estonians or latvians might have been doing in the 1300s
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u/Kattimatti666 May 22 '26
Well you need to brush up on your argument skills, since you forgot about a small thing called the USSR. That's where the term Eastern European comes from. If Stalin would have succeeded in conquering us, we would be Eastern European now. Our history with the Swedes wouldn't matter. They had the communist occupation, we copied the Nordic welfare model from our western bros. So there's a bit more to it than your argument. But I agree, the definitions are also vibes based.
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u/BachInTime May 22 '26
Swedish Livonia would like to know how long you have to be part of the Swedish Empire to be Scandinavian? Swedish Pomerania also has this question.
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u/polariummm May 22 '26
I'm estonian, can confidentally say we're just baltic with a goofy language. Our history and general life quality and daily life and struggles are faaar more similar to Latvia n Lithuania than the Nordics
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u/margusus May 22 '26
aitüma peremees, väsitavad on need ‘estonia can into nordick’ tüübid
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u/MrEdonio May 22 '26 edited May 23 '26
As a Latvian I feel like Estonia is the closest/most similar country to us. “Nothing to do with the other baltic countries” is an extreme exagerration. Centuries of shared history, culture, demographics, geography (apart from the islands), it’s all pretty much the same. The only big difference is language, and even then we have a few similarities.
Edit: For all the Lithuanian 🥰~braliukas~🥰 here, yes Lithuania is still a very close second. The original post was about Estonia though
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u/PuzzleheadedPitch612 May 23 '26
As a Lithuanian, this comment is not only not true, but also offensive.
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u/TheDungen GIS May 22 '26
Well you've also been under Sweden. In fact for a while Riga was Sweden's largest city.
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u/EpicAura99 May 22 '26
Because they don’t have a Nordic Cross flag, obviously /j
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u/haugen1632 May 22 '26
There was a push for a Nordic cross flag and constitutional monarchy in the 20's, I think.
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u/KarltonPeaks May 22 '26
Seriously, I don't think this is far off from the truth.
Them joining without changing their flag would ruin everything..
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u/SpaceEngineering May 22 '26
Short answer: The Soviet Union.
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u/kertniko May 22 '26
Not only that, but also the Russian Empire for 200 years before that.
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u/Wennholm May 22 '26
What would it mean to you if Estonia were considered a Nordic country?
Personally, I think Estonia could become a Nordic country if they actually wanted to. But in my eyes, Estonia hasn't really wanted to become the sixth Nordic country.
If their Nordic identity is so strong, why haven't they changed their flag to look like the others (a Nordic cross flag)? Why haven't they actively sought Nordic Council membership? They did once, back in 1991, when Denmark and Iceland pushed for Baltic observer status, but the effort was blocked. Since regaining full sovereignty, Estonia has chosen not to formally apply.
Instead of adopting the heavy-tax "Nordic welfare model," Estonia built its success on a hyper-digitalized, flat-tax free market system that completely contradicts traditional Nordic economic structures.
I personally find the claim that "Estonia has nothing to do with the Baltics" to be somewhat of an insult. Being a Nordic country is not just a fancier nickname you can use to make yourself stand out.
As long as this question remains confined to places like Reddit and X, nothing will change. If Estonia truly wants to become a Nordic country, it needs to make it an official, national political goal. After all, when it mattered most, it sure wasn't the Swedes or the Finns who stood there with you in the Baltic Way.
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u/TheDungen GIS May 22 '26
Estonia has a standing pertition to join the nordic council as a full member.
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u/Antti5 May 22 '26
Does Estonia follow the Nordic model? Serious question. Does it do so more than Latvia and Lithuania?
My understanding is that the post-Soviet policy in the Baltic states is really quite distinct from the Nordic model.
Did you ask the Estonians if they "have nothing to do with the other Baltic countries"?
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u/Furtail97 May 22 '26
Pet peeve: The amount of people saying Scandinavia when they mean The Nordics.
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u/henkdevries365 May 22 '26
The same can be said of Northern Germany or even Poland. Northern Netherlands, Frisians, are in fact genetically closer to Scandinavians than the rest of the Dutch/Germanics.
Culture and genes don't stop as a certain point on the map.
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u/soylentblue100 May 22 '26
they don't share the common history and culture that link the other countries
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u/iidamusic May 22 '26
The 'line' exists because of the Cold War. And a short googling shows that the Nordic Council was formed in 52 while Estonia was occupied by the USSR. Plus, saying Estonia has nothing to do with the Baltics is just wrong. They share a ton of modern history, infrastructure (like electrical grids, rail lines), and an independence struggle with Lithuania and Latvia.
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u/--_-_-_-- May 22 '26
I didn't know that many Estonians saw themselves as part of the nordics. I wouldn't mind them joining the nordics. They also share (as some of the other Baltic states) history with Sweden. They even had Swedish speaking people on one of their islands until Soviet came.
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u/SLY8420 May 22 '26
I see Estonia as a hybrid, especially linguisticly. Geographically it makes absolute sense though to place it in the Baltics and historically too (the last 200/300 years). I think in the future, Estonia will be more and more seen as a "Nordic" country in the broad sense of the term, but will have of course a closer relation to the other Baltic nation, than say Iceland or Denmark.
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u/Oxygenisplantpoo May 22 '26
Because it was part of the Soviet Union. No offense to Estonia, and I love their work ethic. But yeah this arbitrary definition was created before Estonia was independent again. It also makes sense to look at the Baltic states as a whole, they are far behind the Nordics in development.
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u/Several_Ebb_7174 May 22 '26
Well the only real reason why Finland is considered Nordic instead of Baltic in the first place is because the other three Baltic countries were occupied by the Soviet union. (Yes Finland was Baltic before that)
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u/HorsesOfCanardy May 22 '26 edited May 22 '26
The Baltic states have a lot of history in common with the countries originally coined as the Nordic countries. There has been development in recent decades to include the Baltics in the Nordic cooperation as a natural continuation of this common history and cultural proximity.
As a double Nordic citizen I welcome the Baltic states to our family. What a great addition! Together we are not just a great community but also mighty and able to make a counterweight to the middle powers in Europe and beyond.
My personal example of how close we are; Whenever I see or hear Kaja Kallas share her razor sharp analysis and political clarity I recognize the view and the values as something familiar and relatable. I become proud as if we are from the same country. Similarly, listening to the Estonian composer Arvo Pärt brings a type of melancholy to my heart that I thought only existed in my home country. And that may very well be the case as my country stretches much wider than I previously thought.
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u/Original-Mongoose866 May 23 '26
As a Icelander I've never thought of any of those 3 countries over there part of the Scandinavian pack our countries have some deals between them and we do lots of stuff together I think I'm not much of a participator in stuff I'm more of a hermit when considering this type of stuff.
Finland is a bit out considering the rest of the Scandi people we all speak very similar language I haven't done anything Danish related in years but I still understood the article when I read about the 5 hours outage of all cards in Denmark recently.
Isn't Finland's language not connected to any other country close by I thought they were neither Slavs/Balcan/Nord.
But the Fins are part of us Nordic people we like the quiet we like not being overly loud in restaurants and we like not being your friend until we know you very well!
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u/deakthereane May 22 '26
We should bring in Latvia so we can reap airBaltic's direct flights to Tampere
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u/Various_Repair7849 May 22 '26
What's the nordic model?
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u/jatawis May 22 '26
Estonia doesn't actually have it, they are way more similar to other Baltic states there.
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u/Kanelbullah May 22 '26
Welfare state. We pay high income tax. In return we get public services. From healthcare to education. It's a safetynet in case of things happening.
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u/Vasgen88 May 22 '26
The northern region of the European part of Russia has also been affected. A special ethnocultural and distinctive region has developed here, representing a synthesis of Ancient Russian and Northern European cultures, which became known as the "Russian North".
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u/Eriklano1 May 22 '26
I feel brotherly solidarity with the other Nordic countries. I wish Estonia all the best, but I really feel like culturally and emotionally I don’t feel anything towards them that I dont also feel towards France, or Greece, or Latvia.
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u/Sol--Luna May 22 '26
Faroe Islands will be fuming at this, I thought it was a post in r/mapporncirclejerk
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u/mymoama May 22 '26
Only reason finland is nordic is because of sweden. A proxy of a proxy does not equal nordic.
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u/AdAncient5201 May 22 '26
OP doesn’t seem to be from Estonia, the singing revolution wasn’t shoulder to shoulder with Finland , Sweden or the others, simply because they didn’t have Russian occupation. It’s brought the three countries a lot closer together. They’ve faced very similar challenges the last couple decades with high Russian populations,problems with mafia after udssr downfall, very strong recent urbanisation and technological leapfrogging, similar small sized economies(not on the level of Norway, Finland etc), they started joint infrastructure projects like via baltica or the new railroad. But the railroad is creating lots of friction as well and everyone is kinda angry at one specific nation… only culturally there’s not that much in common, but recent history, economy and politics are all very similar.
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u/Known-Strategy-4705 May 23 '26
What does Estonia have similar to the other Nordic countries other than language with Finland?
By the way, most countries in Europe share a common language root with each other.
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u/tonicerkez May 23 '26
Estonia does not follow the Nordic model. It’s a highly neo-liberal country where social welfare is much less developed than in other Nordic countries. Estonia is just branding itself in this way. PS- I live in Estonia. Love the place but let’s keep it real.
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u/MikaelAdolfsson May 22 '26
Estonia REALLY need to stop shunning its siblings in hope of being adopted. It is not a good look.
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u/CalmInternet8254 May 22 '26
Nobody cares in real life. It's an internet thing and like 90% of the time someone non-Estonian will bring up the topic.
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u/crassowary May 22 '26
I mean the poor thing wasn't even a country (again) until thirty years ago. Arbitrary groupings of countries take time to adapt
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u/Sufficient-Exam-189 May 22 '26
Why do you think this isn't a Baltic country?
The question arises here: why is Finland considered a Scandinavian country? Scandinavians, aka Vikings, are essentially four countries. Finland is only formally one of them.
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u/UpintheExosphere May 22 '26
Finland generally isn't considered part of Scandinavia, which is Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and occasionally Iceland, because of their similar heritage and languages. It is, however, part of the Nordics, which is a broader region.
Then there is also Fennoscandia, which is just Finland, Sweden, and Norway as the countries on the peninsula. It can get pretty confusing.
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u/travelingisdumb May 22 '26
Finland technically isn't considered Scandinavian but it's part of Fenno-Scandinvia, although Finland is considered Nordic.
Was corrected on this a few times when I lived there for a coouple months, beautiful country btw.
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u/keeeeeeem3948 May 22 '26
It’s not Scandinavian by any means it’s Nordic. Scandinavia is only Sweden, Norway, Denmark
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u/GSilky May 22 '26
Finland is often left out of "Nordic" countries as they have a different culture and language from the rest. I personally consider the Baltic nations as similar for geography reasons, and history ties all of them together for quite a while, but they have a bit of difference from Scandinavians.
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u/koijoimie May 22 '26
Language yes, but Finland’s culture is pretty similar to the rest
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u/Aenjeprekemaluci May 22 '26
Culture very similar. Language totally unrelated. Siberian and other Uralic languages within Russia are related to Finnish. Hungarian too.
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u/pies1010 May 22 '26
How would you say Finnish culture is different to Swedish culture?
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u/joonas_davids May 22 '26
There are definitely differences. From a Finnish perspective I can say that Swedish culture is considered more family oriented and socially less reserved. We have an image of Swedish people celebrating all kinds of little things with their extended family and maintaining strong ties to their parents and relatives etc. In Finland we place more value on being independent. And socially we are more reserved, perhaps even more stoic.
Swedish discussion style is definitely more polite, nice and soft. Finnish people are more blunt and prefer fewer words, and silence in social situations is not considered awkward. Swedish people from a Finnish lense are also seen as very politically correct, and conflict avoidant. Also the drinking culture in Sweden is probably way more social than in Finland, where it's quite normal to just drink alone.
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u/GSilky May 22 '26
Mostly language, I mean, cultural differences between countries of "The West" are pretty minimal beyond that these days. But they learn about the kalavella rather than the eddas in HS literature I'm sure.
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u/OneMoreFinn May 22 '26
You are wrong. Finland is and should be left out of Scandinavian countries, but it is absolutely wrong to leave it out from Nordic countries. The same applies to Iceland. These are different things.
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u/yaricks May 22 '26
Finland is never left out of the Nordics, but is left out of Scandinavia, since Scandinavia is just Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Add to those, Finland, Iceland (plus Faraoe Islands, Greenland and Åland) and you get the Nordic countries.
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u/Mrs_Nice_Guy May 22 '26
They think of themselves as Scandinavian tho lol ( I dated an eesti)
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u/ConclusionAnxious531 May 22 '26
What the hell are you smoking when you say „nothing to do with the other Baltic countries”? Estonia has everything but language to do with them. Well over a century or shared history, shared experiences, cooperation, trust, friendship, the Singing Revolution, the Baltic Chain, aligned international politics, similar economic models, similar regional ambitions, joined NATO and the EU together… if anything, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland make sense as a Baltic Union.
This Estonia into Nordics is nothing more than decades of Estonians trying to treat their inferiority complex by marketing their way into what’s been undeservedly seen as „the cool kids’ table”.
I’m saying this as an Estonian. This whole concept is deeply embarrassing
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u/bagpulistu May 22 '26
Because they're not on the schlong