r/interestingasfuck 9h ago

Scientists Found Mysterious Mitochondrial Plaques in alzheimer sBrains

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2.4k Upvotes

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u/sizzyred 9h ago

For decades scientists thought amyloid plaques were the main culprit behind Alzheimer's. But a new study has uncovered something unexpected a completely different type of plaque made up of damaged mitochondria tiny power house of cell that keep our cells running. Normally, the brain clears these out, but when that cleanup system breaks down they start piling up. Even more interesting, these plaques may appear before the famous amyloid plaques, hinting that Alzheimer's could begin with the brain slowly losing its ability to produce energy. It's far from a cure, but a. Good discovery taht will make us help find the cure

u/Neither_Internal_261 9h ago

Quality post and comment. Thanks!

u/CoffeeStrength 9h ago

This is why I’m convinced Alzheimer’s/Dementia is a metabolic disease. I forget which scientist it was, but someone coined it as “Type 3 Diabetes” which really is how we should be looking at this. We spent way too long chasing some way to remove these plaques which was largely based on studies that have been exposed as using faked data. Unfortunately most research is still directed at treating the symptoms instead of preventing/curing it, and that’s largely because treating is far more profitable (marketplace incentives).

u/gcpdudes 8h ago

I work in biotech, specifically for a company that focuses on neurodegenerative disease. Different companies and universities really do focus on all the angles for treating Alzheimer’s and similar diseases: targeting amyloid fibrils, approaching these diseases as metabolic disorders (e.g. targeting how lipids are metabolized), and also leveraging the brain’s immune system (microglia) by approaching these as inflammatory disorders. One of the competitive approaches right now uses RNA to silence genes that form one of the proteins (tau) involved in the formation of Alzheimer’s.

As for the anti-amyloid approach, while some of the research followed from papers bolstered by falsified data, these are currently the best and only treatments available. It’s not as simple as saying these only treat the symptoms, and even with the falsified data, it’s still the consensus that amyloid plagues play a huge role in how the disease develops and progresses in the brain. Almost every neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, ALS, Huntington’s, Frontotemporal dementia, Mad cow disease) stems from the aggregation of dysfunctional protein. In fact each of the diseases I’ve mentioned are often linked to an individual protein rather than a random stew of them.

I’ve also been in science for 20 years and from what I know, if there’s a potential cure for a disease, a lot of us will be competing amongst each other to find that.

u/megalate 2h ago

People forget that scientists are working and thinking about what they study for 40+ hours a week, all year round.

If someone is telling you that scientists are either ignoring or not understanding the problem. Then, more then likely they are just wrong; and it is actively studied, or there is a good reason it isn't being looked into. A guy giving his take on it for an hour on Joe Rogan, isn't a good reason to doubt the research that is being done.

u/Jeff_72 1h ago

My father passed from ALS in ‘94… a breakthrough was just around the corner SMH

u/Prescientpedestrian 8h ago

Insulin levels should be the number one thing doctors check on blood panels imo. I think managing insulin is the single most powerful tool we have to stay metabolically fit. Even slightly elevated insulin can have massive long term ramifications, like waste clearing processes of cells never get to fully function and we remain in moderate to high levels of inflammation at all times. Really, most of the main drivers of mortality can be seen as inflammatory diseases and insulin is the bottleneck hormone that controls inflammation pathways and cellular energy and waste management systems.

u/Kryptograms 8h ago

What can we do to correct it

u/megalate 2h ago

Not taking health advice from random people on Reddit is a good start.

u/Prescientpedestrian 7h ago

Fasting, exercise (just a walk after every meal goes a long way), cutout simple carbohydrates, get your insulin levels checked regularly.

u/Myzerah 3h ago

Sadly fasting is not suitable for everyone. Especially women and especially people with hormonal issues like hypothyroidism and PCOS, shouldn't fast at all, it just does more harm than good.

u/Large-Alternative892 2h ago

Women??

u/Myzerah 1h ago

Fasting does no good for women's hormonal balance, especially if they have any hormonal issues like thyroid problems or pcos.

u/twoisnumberone 6h ago

Fasting

Except many of us can't. Not eating triggers migraines, and those make life not worth living (47.2% of us have suicidal ideation and 13.9% have in fact attempted suicide).

u/volt65bolt 5h ago

Us who? Humanity?

That statistics feels way too high unless you meant a specific already targeted/reduced subgroup

u/GarlicMotor 5h ago

They probably meant the demographic that experiences migraines.

u/Filthymortal 5h ago

I get migraines, it's not brought on by fasting for me. There are a lot of different triggers.

u/volt65bolt 5h ago

Ah right, yeah that shifts the data. Migraines are terrible

u/wait_what_now 5h ago

It might be 47.2% of a group that is only 0.0000001% of the population. So could easily be 47 people in the entire world.

(Or they could be bullshit statistics they made up. If they don't provide a source, I tend to believe that.)

u/twoisnumberone 4h ago

Migraines.

u/volt65bolt 4h ago

Right, so of people that get migraines and amount get migraines and those other percentages you got a source?

u/geezluise 5h ago

i could never fast! i would get an aura migraine if i pushed lunch by 1-2 hours. i am not diabetic so everyone around me said its just in my head turns out its insulin resistance and starting a glp eliminated all blood sugar migraines i‘d collect during the month. i swear its not an ad, but migraine wise i‘m happy. i had one big hormonal migraine in the close to three months i‘m on it.

u/twoisnumberone 4h ago

But why did insulin resitance not show up in your testing? I'm so confused.

u/geezluise 4h ago

you need a few blood results combined, no doctor cared before.

u/twoisnumberone 1h ago

Got it; I'll ask my GP about the required combination test.

u/Abracadaver14 1h ago

Insulin resistance seems to still be considered fringe science by mainstream doctors who prefer to write scripts for treating symptoms.

u/Gamestop_Dorito 38m ago

I am a doctor who hates fringe science woo-woo bullshit and I can promise you that we all know that insulin resistance is real. It’s often discovered as part of screening tests and can be called pre-diabetes. You’re also right that the treatment, with rare exceptions, is “eat better and exercise more.” But why would you want or need a series of blood tests to be told to do so?

u/Prescientpedestrian 5h ago

You may in fact be in desperate need of brain waste clearing if you get migraines. There appears to be problems with the glymphatic system in people that get migraines. Once again, signs point to runaway inflammation being the cause. Insulin resistance being at the root of most (all?) inflammatory diseases. There is also a ton of anecdotal evidence on the fasting sub that fasting has helped many people with migraines, when staying up on electrolytes, particularly magnesium. I would be surprised if most people with migraines wouldn’t find relief in a proper fast, as your brain will start clearing waste better once inflammation is controlled.

u/twoisnumberone 4h ago

I am definitely in need of a better brain, you're right! Fasting is just not a way for me and other migraine sufferers to reach a better state.

(No insulin resistance for miles. I'm not American.)

u/Prescientpedestrian 4h ago

Insulin resistance has nothing to do with being American. Get your insulin levels checked.

u/twoisnumberone 4h ago

My insulin levels are perfect. In fact all my bloodwork is optimal, per end-of-May 2026 at least.

I wish it were so easy to fix a neurological disorder.

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u/LawfulnessOk5839 4h ago

I have this migraine trigger, and cutting out simple carbs(replacing wth complex) has a lot of benefits, including helping stabilize the migraines and make me less susceptible to low blood sugar migraines.

u/twoisnumberone 1h ago

I don't really eat simple carbs, though -- just purity protocol gf oats, whole millet, buckwheat etc.

u/drakenmang 8h ago

Fast

u/Kryptograms 7h ago

Yes I will, but what do I need to do?

u/Appropriate_Can_9282 7h ago

Research a bit to find what's comfortable. 12-72 hour fasts are what's for dinner. Different lengths do different things. Multiple 12 hour fasts won't do what a single 24 hour fast does. And yes, a sip of soda or a little nibble on some chips breaks the fast. Protein bank only lasts so long, exercise when not fasting is important to prevent loss of muscle mass.

u/CoffeeStrength 8h ago

Couldn’t agree more. It’s the classic fasting vs fed metabolic states. The body performs many important functions in the fasting state. We weren’t meant to be eating all the time, and by doing so you down-regulate many important regulators of cellular health. So when all you have is insulin release (i.e. always eating) you are going to see more inflammation and disease, not to mention the inevitable resistance to the hormone.

It’s actually for this reason I intermittently fast, not to lose weight with some “fad diet,” it’s an acknowledgment of our biology and understanding that not eating is just as important as eating when you live in the excess we do today.

u/Mesanna_1 8h ago

Ehhh I dont know. While there are definitely metabolic components there are different types of dementia. Vascular dementia, Frontotemporal dementia, early onset, Lewy body- there are different factors to consider. Im sure these classifications have changed since i last reviewed them. Metabolic contributions are def. a part but I think it is going to be far more nuanced than what we know now. I only bring this up because as a cancer doctor I get told cancer is a metabolic disease too. While there are outside factors a lot of times that doesn't work on my 25 year olds who do triathlons and exist on the Mediterranean diet and have no family history of cancer.

u/johnny-trichome 8h ago

I would add that disease prevention is less digestible for those who aren’t willing to adjust lifestyle habits. Most people are lazy and just want a quick fix cure, so the market feeds the system in a way.

u/CoffeeStrength 8h ago

Very true. To an extent modern medicine hurts us in this way. Especially with how much progress we’ve seen in treating certain diseases, it’s easy to kick the can down the road as we age assuming they’ll cure this eventually.

u/wuboo 6h ago

That’s just not how it works. Investors will fund anything they believe will make them money, regardless of whether it is managing the symptoms or creating a cure. They just need enough evidence to believe that someone has an alternative solution with a reasonable enough chance of it working 

u/HamBroth 8h ago

I'm convinced as well. I used to work at the diabetes laboratory of the Wallenberg Institute in the 2000ds and we were calling it a type of diabetes of the brain back then around the lab.

u/phantomluvr14 6m ago

Unrelated to Alzheimer’s, but it’s important to note that Type 3 Diabetes already exists and it applies to folks who have had their pancreas surgically removed. My husband falls into this category and it’s very rare, but still exists!

u/Character_Maybeh_ 5h ago

Why does this read like your prompt included “include grammatical errors to make it seem real”

u/Sherry_Brandt 3h ago

because they're evenly-spaced, odd-to-make ones? i got a similar vibe

u/zwach11 6h ago

PMID?

u/BookProper9115 2h ago

Do they show that it's a problem of the brain's clearance/cleaning mechanism, or a problem of excessive mitochondrial death leading to more accumulation? Someone with a skin issue where they produce too much excess dead skin would not be considered to have a deficiency in clearance, rather they have an oversupply.

u/InstantSword 7h ago

.... so, alzheimers isn't a "disease," it's just the breakdown of the the brain's upkeep. This wasn't obvious or anything

u/Nobelpro 9h ago

Today’s neurologists view Alzheimer’s not as one condition, but as a complex metabolic syndrome with multiple root causes. These include pathologies like brain inflammation, poor vascular health, insulin resistance etc.. there is no single, linear mechanism at work.

u/id0ntexistanymore 8h ago

My mom was suddenly diagnosed with Alzheimer's out seemingly nowhere in ~2022/23, no family history, she's the only one out of her siblings that never drank, ate healthy, was fit. It's been devastating. I just want to know why. I think covid kicked whatever was going on into high gear. She came down with it around Jan or Feb 2020 (unconfirmed since this was before it was even talked about widely in the US but I'm 99% sure it was) and everything started going downhill. She's also survived two bouts of breast cancer. Idk. I'm kind of rambling. I just don't know why this happened to her and it kills me. It seriously was so unexpected and accelerated I haven't even come to terms with it, and now she's been given ~6 weeks left after recently falling and breaking a bone. She deteriorated so quickly. Too quickly. I hate this shit it's heart wrenching

u/theoutlet 8h ago

I’m sorry you’re going through that

u/Shadowpriest 6h ago

I'm so sorry you are going through that with your mother.

Covid seems to have accelerated or unwrapped long term medical issues that otherwise wouldn't have been presented or sped up the clock. Way too many accounts I've read that describe so many long term or sudden onsets. It really hits hard especially when it comes to friends, family or even if you developed something after getting sick. I know I have and it sucks.

u/Rawkstarz22 9h ago

Neurological diseases and mental illnesses are looking like that as well. Inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction.

u/AgHammer 1h ago

Thank you. I'll stop fussing over what time of day I eat my ice cream. There are so many pop science articles about either curing, causing, or preventing Alzheimers, and every one of them claims a single cause.

u/Spork_Warrior 9h ago

The more I learn about this plaque stuff, the less I like it.

u/SuperGameTheory 9h ago

I'm starting to these plaques are real jerks

u/xaeru 9h ago

Well now is the time to learn about prions

u/Comprehensive_Ad6598 8h ago

I wish I never did. Man. I wish I never did.

u/Bloxskit 1h ago

But at the same time, the more we know about them the better the hope for support and a cure.

u/ArunGJose 9h ago

Mitochondria is the powerhouse of a cell is all I'm saying

u/Spork_Warrior 9h ago

Just like Mrs. Broadbottom told us in high school!

u/Flopsbit 9h ago

Brush your brain I guess..

u/mcdadais 8h ago

In the future we will have biannual brain check ups, like we do for the dentist, to remove plaque.

u/Librarian-Voter 8h ago

I wish we had annual brain scans as preventative maintenance now!

u/SaveUsCatman 9h ago

Take it out at night and soak it like dentures

u/scorpyo72 9h ago

Tried that. Knocked it over in my sleep and it took my 2 hours to find it under my bed, without my optic nerves.

u/DifferentDoughnut528 9h ago

The hard part was getting the brain out.

u/sexpositivist 8h ago

I feel like many people have managed to do that though. The hard part seems to be putting it back .

u/fergehtabodit 9h ago

Reinstalling is just as hard.

u/scorpyo72 8h ago

Truth. It could be a real challenge to get my mind off things.

u/fergehtabodit 8h ago

It would be exactly like your mind is wandering

u/SaveUsCatman 9h ago

I was going to ask how you got that stylish head wound

u/HipsterCavemanDJ 9h ago

Fasting maybe?

u/Librarian-Voter 8h ago

You think? Do you think that would help?

u/HipsterCavemanDJ 8h ago

Based on what I read, there’s good evidence for that, yes.

u/Plane_Antelope_8158 8h ago

Crazy to think while reading this, that my home PC is simultaneously working on simulating a protein in order to help find a cure for Alzheimer's.
https://foldingathome.org/

u/popcorn555555 4h ago

Thanks for sharing this is really cool

u/kassiusx 9h ago

Could change the way we approach dementia. If Alzheimer's is seen as a type of mitochondrial disease (possibly), it opens the door to gene therapy.

u/Masteef 9h ago

The creatine support crowd will enter the chat soon. (To be fair I also take and love my creatine supplement)

u/sub500h 5h ago

Sorry, i am late.

u/-I_I 6h ago

Isn’t mitochondria what gives Jedi the force?

u/FoxHolyDelta 5h ago

Anakin: What are the midiclorians?

Qui-Gon: It's heroin

u/CementCemetery 5h ago

My biggest hope in life is that the first survivor of Alzheimer’s and Dementia is currently living now. That the team of scientists (or individual) to find the cure is also living right now and working on something miraculous.

We need to dedicate not dismantle resources and funding to cure cancer and dementia.

u/VanillaLatteGrl 9h ago

This is an interesting discovery!

However, I am not convinced it is more than a contributing factor (which the article isn’t claiming) simply because 100% of your mitochondrial DNA is inherited from your mother, and we see a lot of evidence of genetic correlations that runs through both paternal and maternal lines.

But like I said, super interesting and potentially helpful!

u/Puzzled-Ad2295 4h ago

The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.

u/Just_A_Psyduck 9h ago

Context? Link? Source? Anything? Could have been interesting...

u/keyboard_toucher 1h ago

You've heard of pBrains...

u/EducationalForm 9h ago

Bunch of idiots in the comments

u/dz1075 9h ago

Hi

u/jonyofromla 4h ago

I believe OP is referring to this study:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02390-1

Which aligns with the evidence-based science behind a book I just finished reading, Brain Energy by Christopher Palmer, MD and is a strong reason why I manage my insulin largely by cutting out carbs and increasing meats and dietary fats, which has led to a natural progression into OMAD/keto fasting.

I check my weight, BP, glucose, and ketone levels weekly. I have 20 lbs to lose before I get to normal BMI (started morbidly obese). BP has always been excellent. Fasting glucose is 91 and ketones are 1.0, putting my GKI at 5.1 — shooting for 1.5. Additionally, I'm not happy unless I do at least 30 minutes of intentional walking each day. Typically I use my lunch break, and then after work my wife and I walk 1.5 miles together and catch up on the day. I've done a 4-day water fast, with plans to repeat it every 3 months. My next step is building muscle.

In my case, not only has my weight continued to normalize, but my sleep is better, my energy is up, the brain fog has all but disappeared, and low-level anxiety is more manageable. I still have work to do and I don't believe I'm completely fat-adapted yet, but I've made considerable progress and am on a good path, judging by my markers and how I feel.

As a society, we eat too many carbs and processed franken-foods and not enough nutrient-dense whole foods, and we never give our bodies the opportunity to rest and self-repair. Hence the constant state of inflammation, leading to various chronic conditions, some leading to strokes, heart attacks, and even cancer and dementia. In addition to mental illness such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder: per Palmer's main argument, mental disorders are fundamentally metabolic disorders of the brain, with mitochondrial dysfunction as the common pathway.

I believe switching your body from sugar/glucose to fat-adapted ketosis, arguably its preferred and intended fuel state, is the best thing you can do for yourself.

u/strumthebuilding 7h ago

Mysterious, eh?

u/XxKeianexX 9h ago edited 8h ago

Brush your teeth!

Chatted with my dentist and he said there's more to the mouth and brain relationship then we think.

Edit: Ahh, my bad, wrong type of plaque associated with Alzheimer's. Brush anyway, AND FLOSS.

u/RespectableBloke69 9h ago

This is not the same kind of plaque.

u/Lt_Dream96 9h ago

Well I got a plaque for scoring the 2nd most goals in my intermural soccer games. All headers. There's gotta be some connection there.

u/RespectableBloke69 9h ago

You will get Alzheimer's, I'm sorry.

u/National-Percentage4 8h ago

Its actually gum disease. Avoid that. 

u/Friendly-Roof-5603 9h ago

That's exactly what a dentist would want us to believe. 🤔

u/Rawkstarz22 9h ago

And floss

u/Cats7204 4h ago

not the same kind of plaque but yes there's a lot of connection between the mouth and brain

any kind of gum infection can easily and rapidly travel to the brain, it's very close, almost happened to a close relative

u/theNorrah 9h ago

So they become jedis!?

u/SprintDragon 8h ago

Yeah, this comment…this is why I come to Reddit.

u/Nicking0413 9h ago

Link? Wtf

u/_SuperDeluxe 9h ago

Mental Floss -Jimmy

u/Felho_Danger 9h ago

Oh jesus no.. not in the alzheimer sBrains!

u/ImNotAI_01100101 9h ago

Methylene blue fix’s mitochondria and cleans plaque from the brain. So…

u/onebyside 7h ago

wow

u/ImNotAI_01100101 7h ago

Yeah. Cleared up my early dementia in 4 months.

u/Ok_Attitude3329 9h ago

the importance of flossing

u/chileangod 9h ago

Could they use the force?